OCUP 2 Certification Guide

Description

OCUP 2 Certification Guide: Preparing for the OMG Certified UML 2.5 Professional 2 Foundation Exam both teaches UML® 2.5 and prepares candidates to become certified. UML® (Unified Modeling Language) is the most popular graphical language used by software analysts, designers, and developers to model, visualize, communicate, test, and document systems under development. UML® 2.5 has recently been released, and with it a new certification program for practitioners to enhance their current or future career opportunities. There are three exam levels: Foundation, Intermediate, and Advanced. The exam covered in this book, Foundation, is a prerequisite for the higher levels.

Author Michael Jesse Chonoles is a lead participant in the current OCUP 2 program—not only in writing and reviewing all the questions, but also in designing the goals of the program. This book distills his experience in modeling, mentoring, and training. Because UML® is a sophisticated language, with 13 diagram types, capable of modeling any type of modern software system, it takes users some time to become proficient. This effective resource will explain the material in the Foundation exam and includes many practice questions for the candidate, including sample problems similar to those found in the exam, and detailed explanations of why correct answers are correct and why wrong answers are wrong.

Written to prepare candidates for the OCUP 2 Foundation level exam while they learn UML®
Illustrated with UML® diagrams to clarify every concept and technique
Offers hints for studying and test-taking based on the specific nature and structure of the Foundation Level exam
Includes practice exam material, sample questions and exercises, warnings, tips, and points to remember throughout

Front Cover 2
OCUP 2 Certification Guide 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
Foreword 13
Acknowledgments 17
Discount Information 19
1 What is OCUP 2? 21
- 1.1 The OCUP Programs 21
  - 1.1.1 OMG Certified UML Professional 1 21
  - 1.1.3 Why Does OMG Offer It? 22
  - 1.1.4 Why Should You Take It? 22
  - 1.1.2 OMG Certified UML Professional 2 22
- 1.2 The Levels 23
  - 1.2.1 Foundation Level 24

Front Cover 2
OCUP 2 Certification Guide 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 7
Foreword 13
Acknowledgments 17
Discount Information 19
1 What is OCUP 2? 21
- 1.1 The OCUP Programs 21
  - 1.1.1 OMG Certified UML Professional 1 21
  - 1.1.3 Why Does OMG Offer It? 22
  - 1.1.4 Why Should You Take It? 22
  - 1.1.2 OMG Certified UML Professional 2 22
- 1.2 The Levels 23
  - 1.2.1 Foundation Level 24
  - 1.2.2 Intermediate Level 25
  - 1.2.3 Advanced Level 26
- 1.3 What Do You Get If You Pass? 26
- 1.4 Taking the Exam 27
  - 1.4.1 Signing Up for the Exam 27
- 1.5 How to Prepare 28
  - 1.5.1 Cheating 29
  - 1.5.2 Coverage Map 30
- 1.6 What an Exam Is Like 31
  - 1.6.1 Exam Structure 32
  - 1.6.2 Question Structure 33
- 1.7 How We Wrote the Examinations 34
  - 1.7.1 Team 34
  - 1.7.2 Review Process and Criteria 35
  - 1.7.3 Beta Review and Criteria 35
- 2 What is UML? 37
  - 2.1 What Does UML Stand for? 37
    - 2.1.1 How is UML a Language? 37
    - 2.1.2 How is UML a Modeling Language? 38
    - 2.1.3 How is UML a Unified Modeling Language? 41
  - 2.2 UML Goals 43
    - 2.2.1 The Original Goals of UML 43
    - 2.2.2 Updated Goals for UML 44
  - 2.3 What is the Object Management Group (OMG)? 46
    - 2.3.1 The Standards-Making Process of OMG 46
    - 2.3.2 The History of UML 48
  - 2.4 Modeling 49
    - 2.4.1 What Kind of Modeling 49
    - 2.4.2 Purposes for UML Modeling 50
      - 2.4.2.1 Analysis 51
      - 2.4.2.2 Design 52
      - 2.4.2.3 Implementation 54
      - 2.4.2.4 Communication 55
    - 2.4.3 Principles of Modeling 57
      - 2.4.3.1 Risk Mitigation 58
      - 2.4.3.2 Information Hiding and Simplicity 58
      - 2.4.3.3 Whole-Part Relationships 60
      - 2.4.3.4 Classification and Generalization 60
    - 3 Questions for Chapter 2 63
      - Answers for Chapter 2 66
    - 4 The Organization of UML 75
      - 4.1 The UML 2.5 Specification 75
        
        4.1.1 Target Audience 75
        
        4.1.2 The Document Layout 75
      - 4.2 The Language Definition—The Clauses 76
      - 4.3 The Subclauses 78
      - 4.4 The Abstract Syntax 79
      - 4.5 The Layered Metamodel 80
      - 4.6 Diagrams 85
        
        4.6.1 Structure Diagrams 87
        
        4.6.2 Behavior Diagrams 88
        
        4.6.3 General Diagram Features 88
        
        4.6.3.1 Views 89
        
        4.6.3.2 Diagram Frame and Header 90
        
        4.6.3.3 Diagram Kind 91
        
        4.6.3.4 Namespace 92
        
        4.6.3.6 Constraints 93
        
        4.6.3.5 Comments 93
        
        5 Questions for Chapter 4 95
        
        Answers for Chapter 4 99
        
        6 Objects and Classes 109
        
        6.1 Finding Objects and Classes 109
        
        6.1.1 Attributes 113
        
        6.1.2 Operations 114
        
        6.1.4 Static Features 116
        
        6.1.3 Referring to a Member Feature 116
        
        6.2 Types 117
        
        6.2.2 Primitive Types 118
        
        6.2.1 Class Versus Datatype 118
        
        6.2.3 Enumerations 119
        
        6.2.4 DataTypes 121
        
        6.2.4.1 Abstraction 122
        
        6.3 Modifiers 124
        
        6.3.1 Derived Properties 124
        
        6.3.2 Default Value 125
        
        6.3.2.1 Default Values for Attributes/Properties 125
        
        6.3.2.2 Default Values for Arguments/Parameters 126
        
        6.3.3 Protecting from Change 126
        
        6.3.3.2 Queries 126
        
        6.3.3.1 ReadOnly 126
        
        6.3.4 Parameter Direction 127
        
        6.4 Assigning Value 129
        
        6.4.1 Literals 129
        
        6.4.2 Instance Specifications 130
        
        6.4.3 Expressions 131
        
        7 Questions for Chapter 6 135
        
        Answers for Chapter 6 139
        
        8 Packages and Namespaces 149
        
        8.1 Package Notation 149
        
        8.1.1 Packages and Their Contents 149
        
        8.1.2 Diagrams of Packages 151
        
        8.1.3 Uniform Resource Identifiers 152
        
        8.2 Packages and Visibility 153
        
        8.2.1 Package Member Visibility 153
        
        8.2.2 Inner and Outer Names 155
        
        8.2.3 Namespaces and Distinguishable Names 157
        
        8.3 Packages and Their Contents 158
        
        8.3.1 Package Dependencies 160
        
        8.3.2 Specific Elements from Other Packages 160
        
        8.3.2.2 Element Import 161
        
        8.3.2.3 Comparison of Package vs Element Import 161
        
        8.3.2.1 Package Import 161
        
        8.3.2.4 Access 163
        
        8.3.2.5 Package Dependencies and Cycles 164
        
        8.3.2.6 Package Merge 164
        
        8.4 Package Stereotypes 164
        
        8.4.1 Packages and Models 164
        
        8.4.2 Miscellaneous Stereotypes of Packages 167
        
        8.4.2.1 ModelLibrary 167
        
        8.4.2.4 Diagrams 167
        
        8.4.2.2 Framework 167
        
        8.4.2.3 Profiles 167
        
        9 Questions for Chapter 8 169
        
        Answers for Chapter 8 174
        
        10 Finishing the Static Model 183
        
        10.1 Multiplicity 183
        
        10.1.1 Representing the Multiplicity of Attributes 183
        
        10.1.2 Representing Argument Multiplicity 187
        
        10.1.3 Multiplicity Properties and Collection Types 188
        
        10.1.3.1 Set 188
        
        10.1.3.2 Ordered Set 188
        
        10.1.3.3 Unique 189
        
        10.1.3.4 Bag 189
        
        10.1.3.5 Sequence 189
        
        10.1.4 Discontinuity 190
        
        10.2 Associations 192
        
        10.2.1 Attribute and Role Adornments 192
        
        10.2.2 Reading Associations 195
        
        10.2.3 Associations and Datatypes 198
        
        10.2.4 Links and Instances 199
        
        10.2.5 Composition and Aggregation 199
        
        10.2.5.1 Composition 200
        
        10.2.5.2 Aggregation 201
        
        10.2.5.3 Physical vs Catalog Composition 202
        
        10.3 Generalization, Specialization, and Inheritance 203
        
        10.3.1 Reflexive Structures Using Generalization 206
        
        10.3.2 The Process 207
        
        10.3.2.1 The Generalization Process 207
        
        10.3.2.2 The Specialization Process 207
        
        10.3.3 Polymorphism 207
        
        11 Questions for Chapter 10 211
        
        Answers for Chapter 10 216
        
        12 Use Cases 227
        
        12.1 Finding Use Cases 227
        
        12.1.1 Naming Use Cases 228
        
        12.1.2 Actors 230
        
        12.1.2.1 Human Actors 232
        
        12.1.2.3 Database Actors 234
        
        12.1.2.2 External System Actors 234
        
        12.1.3 Subject 234
        
        12.1.4 Other Use Cases 235
        
        12.2 Simplifying Use Cases 237
        
        12.2.1 Generalization 237
        
        12.2.2 Include 239
        
        12.2.3 Extend 240
        
        12.2.3.2 The «Extend» Notation 241
        
        12.2.3.1 Using an Extension 241
        
        12.2.3.3 Extension Points 242
        
        12.2.4 Owners 243
        
        12.2.5 Use Case Diagrams 244
        
        13 Questions for Chapter 12 247
        
        Answers for Chapter 12 253
        
        14 Behavior: Sequence Diagrams 263
        
        14.2 Lifelines 263
        
        14.1 Sequence Diagram History 263
        
        14.3 Messages 265
        
        14.3.1 Synchronous Messages 265
        
        14.3.2 Asynchronous Messages 267
        
        14.4 Time & Occurrences 267
        
        14.5 Execution Specification 273
        
        14.6 Sequence Diagrams 275
        
        14.7 Practical Sequence Diagrams 276
        
        15 Questions for Chapter 14 279
        
        Answers for Chapter 14 283
        
        16 Behavior: Activity Diagrams 291
        
        16.1 What is an Activity Diagram? 291
        
        16.1.1 Activity Diagram History 291
        
        16.1.2 Single Token Diagrams 297
        
        16.1.3 Concurrent (Multi-Token) Diagrams 298
        
        16.1.3.1 Explicit Token Creation 298
        
        16.1.3.2 Implicit Token Creation: Forking a New Path 300
        
        16.1.3.3 Multiple Forks 300
        
        16.1.3.4 Forking vs Spawning 300
        
        16.1.4 Consuming Tokens 301
        
        16.1.4.1 Multiple Forks 301
        
        16.1.4.2 Flow Final 303
        
        16.1.5 Joining at an Action 303
        
        16.2 Timers and Timing Events 304
        
        16.3 Object Flows/Edges 307
        
        16.4 Advanced Topics 309
        
        16.4.2 Stream 309
        
        16.4.1 Weights 309
        
        16.4.3 Send/Receive Messages/Events 310
        
        16.4.4 Local Pre/Postconditions 311
        
        16.5 Activity Diagrams 312
        
        16.5.1 Activities 313
        
        16.5.2 Invoking an Activity 314
        
        16.5.3 Calling an Operation 314
        
        17 Questions for Chapter 16 317
        
        Answers for Chapter 16 323
        
        18 Behavior: State Machine Diagrams 333
        
        18.1 What is a State and State Machine 333
        
        18.1.1 States and Modes 335
        
        18.1.3 Qualitatively Different States 336
        
        18.1.2 Differences Between States 336
        
        18.1.4 Naming States 337
        
        18.1.5 Overlapping States 337
        
        18.1.6 Finding States 339
        
        18.2 Transitions 341
        
        18.2.1 Events 341
        
        18.2.2 Simple State Machine 342
        
        18.2.3 Guard Conditions 344
        
        18.2.4 Transition Effect 346
        
        18.2.5 Transition Syntax 347
        
        18.2.6 Ongoing Behavior 348
        
        18.2.6.1 Implicit Behavior 348
        
        18.2.6.2 Do Behavior 348
        
        18.2.7 State Setup and Teardown 349
        
        18.2.8 Exit/Entry Action Equivalents 350
        
        18.2.10 Internal Transitions 351
        
        18.2.9 Completion 351
        
        18.3 State Machine Processing 353
        
        18.3.1 Run-to-Completion 353
        
        18.3.2 States and Pseudostates 355
        
        18.3.3 Types of Transitions 357
        
        18.3.4 State Diagrams and Machines 358
        
        18.3.5 Hierarchy of States 359
        
        18.3.6 States Contours 360
        
        18.4 State vs Activity Semantics 362
        
        19 Questions for Chapter 18 363
        
        Answers for Chapter 18 368
        
        Index 379
        
        Back Cover 387

Author's affiliation

Michael Jesse Chonoles: Advanced Concepts Center, Malvern, Pennsylvan

Preparing for the OMG Certified UML 2.5 Professional 2 Foundation Exam

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