Complete coverage of chemical literature on simple pyrazines recorded in Beilstein to 1929, and Chemical Abstracts through 1978 (volume 89), together with selected references to 1980. Describes their history, occurrence, biological activity and uses, and nomenclature. Classified primary syntheses of pyrazines according to the starting materials employed. Treats primary syntheses of pyrazine N-oxides. Details syntheses, properties and reactions of alkyl, halogeno, hydroxy, mercapto, amino and carboxy pyrazines and their derivative and related compounds. Extensive table lists known simple pyrazines, physical data such as melting points and boiling points, and references.

• THE PYRAZINES 2
  • Contents 12
    • I. INTRODUCTION TO PYRAZINES 26
      • 1. History 26
      • 2. Occurrence 29
      • 3. Structure 32
      • 4. Biological Activity and Uses 33
      • 5. Nomenclature 35
    • II. PRIMARY SYNTHESES OF PYRAZINES 36
      • 1. Self-condensation of a-(Primary Amino) Carbonyl Compounds 36
        • A. Preformed a-Amino Carbonyl Compounds 37
        • B. Reduction of a-Hydroxyimino Carbonyl Compounds 37
        • C. Ammonolysis of a-Halogeno Carbonyl Compounds 40
        • F. Reaction of a-Hydroxy Carbonyl Compounds or Polyhydroxy Compounds with Ammonia, Ammonium Salts, or Formamide 43
        • D. Oxidation of a-Amino Alcohols 43