Levison's Textbook for Dental Nurses

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A fully updated edition of the best-selling textbook for students studying for their dental nurse qualification

Levison’s Textbook for Dental Nurses continues to be an indispensable resource written specifically for those undertaking the NEBDN National Diploma in Dental Nursing. This new edition provides in-depth coverage in many areas, such as the structure of the dental profession; an update of the current, available NHS dental services; information on extended duties for dental nurses; legal and ethical issues; health and safety including COSHH and waste disposal legislation updates; general anatomy and physiology; and medical emergencies.

New edition of a classic textbook, fully in line with the most recent developments in dental nursing practice and education
Caters especially for the NEBDN National Diploma in Dental Nursing
Outlines the latest GDC standards for dental nurses
Key Learning Points in every chapter to help readers master essential information

Packed with illustrations and diagrams to assist with aiding comprehension, this student-friendly text is ideal for dental nurses studying for the NEBDN National Diploma in Dental Nursing. It will also be of great benefit to dental nurses studying for the City & Guilds Diploma in Dental Nursing, Level 3.

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Title Page 6
Copyright Page 7
Contents 8
Introduction to the Twelfth Edition 10
Introduction to the First Edition 12
Acknowledgements 13
Abbreviations 14
About the Companion Website 17
Chapter 1 Structure of the Dental Profession 18
- The dentist 18
- The General Dental Council 20
- The dental team 21
- Dental care professionals 21
  - Dental nurse 21
  - Dental therapist 22

Title Page 6
Copyright Page 7
Contents 8
Introduction to the Twelfth Edition 10
Introduction to the First Edition 12
Acknowledgements 13
Abbreviations 14
About the Companion Website 17
Chapter 1 Structure of the Dental Profession 18
- The dentist 18
- The General Dental Council 20
- The dental team 21
- Dental care professionals 21
  - Dental nurse 21
  - Dental therapist 22
  - Orthodontic therapist 22
  - Dental hygienist 22
  - Dental technician 23
- The National Health Service 23
  - Community dental service 24
  - General dental service 25
  - NICE guidelines 25
  - Hospital dental service 25
  - Clinical audit and peer review 26
  - Information governance 26
  - Clinical governance 26
- British Dental Association 27
  - BDA Education Certificate in Oral Health Education 27
  - BDA Education Certificate in Dental Radiography 27
  - Resources 28
- Chapter 2 The Dental Nurse 29
  - History 29
  - Registration 30
  - Role of the GDC in dental nurse training and qualification 30
  - Learning outcomes and qualification 31
  - Student professionalism and ‘fitness to practise’ 32
  - Dental nurses and the law 33
  - Continuing professional development 35
  - Overall role of the dental nurse 37
    - Administration and reception 37
    - General duties 37
    - Surgery duties 42
  - Dental nurse qualifications 43
    - National Examining Board for Dental Nurses 43
    - City & Guilds Level 3 Diploma in Dental Nursing 48
    - Post-registration qualifications 50
  - Extended duties 50
- Chapter 3 Legal and Ethical Issues 52
  - Duty of care and student professionalism 56
    - Duty of care 56
    - Student professionalism 57
  - Fitness to practise guidance 57
  - General Dental Council Standards for the Dental Team 61
    - Principle 1 Put patients’ interests first 62
    - Principle 2 Communicate effectively with patients 64
    - Principle 3 Obtain valid consent 65
    - Principle 4 Maintain and protect patients’ information 66
    - Principle 5 Have a clear and effective complaints procedure 68
    - Principle 6 Work with colleagues in a way that is in patients’ best interests 69
    - Principle 7 Maintain, develop and work within your professional knowledge and skills 71
    - Principle 8 Raise concerns if patients are at risk 72
    - Principle 9 Make sure your personal behaviour maintains patients’ confidence in you and the dental profession 73
  - Principle 2 and communication skills 75
  - Principle 3 and consent to treatment 77
    - Key definitions 78
    - Who can give consent? 79
  - Principle 4 and record keeping, confidentiality and data security and protection 81
    - Record keeping 81
    - Confidentiality of patient records 86
    - Data security and protection: GDPR 88
  - Principle 5 and complaints handling 92
    - In-house complaints procedure 92
  - Principle 6 and teamwork, management and leadership 94
    - Effective teamwork 96
    - Management and leadership 97
  - Principle 7 and continuing professional development and quality assurance 99
    - Continuing professional development 99
    - Clinical governance and quality assurance 114
  - Principle 8 and raising concerns and safeguarding 119
    - Raising concerns 119
    - Reporting untoward incidents 122
    - Safeguarding 124
  - Principle 9 and professionalism 129
    - Care Quality Commission 129
  - Chapter 4 Health and Safety in the Dental Workplace 135
    - Health and Safety at Work Act (1974) 135
    - Role of the dental nurse 136
    - Health and safety policy 139
    - Risk assessment 140
    - Control of Substances Hazardous to Health 2002 142
      - Storage 145
      - Ventilation and temperature control 145
      - Hazardous occupational chemicals 146
    - Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005 153
      - Waste classification 154
      - Waste management 158
      - Waste disposal 159
      - Waste handling training and audit 159
    - Health and Safety (Display Screen Equipment) Regulations 1992 160
    - Health and Safety (First‐Aid) Regulations 1981 161
      - Burns and scalds 162
      - Severe bleeding 162
      - Fractures 163
      - Poisoning 163
      - Electrocution 163
    - Manual Handling Operations Regulations 1992 164
      - Weight and dimensions 164
      - Distance and stairs 165
      - Awkward movements and frequency 165
      - Excessive movements 165
      - Physical ability and medical conditions 166
      - Training 166
    - Pressure Systems Safety Regulations 2000 166
    - Regulatory Reform (Fire Safety) Order 2005 167
      - Fire detection and raising the alarm 168
      - Emergency plan 170
      - Firefighting 171
      - Evacuation and escape routes 172
      - Smoking in the workplace 173
    - Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 173
    - Water Supply (Water Fittings) Regulations 1999 177
    - Occupational hazards 179
      - Lasers, curing lamps and tooth whitening lamps 180
    - General safety measures 181
    - General security measures 182
      - Maintaining security during the day 183
      - Maintaining security out of hours 183
    - Chapter 5 General Anatomy and Physiology 185
      - Definitions 185
      - Cell biology 186
      - Circulation 187
        
        Action of the heart 188
        
        Circulatory system 189
        
        Blood vessels 190
        
        Blood 191
        
        Relevant disorders of the circulatory system 193
      - Respiration 196
        
        Protective mechanisms 198
        
        Breathing 198
        
        Relevant disorders of the respiratory system 199
      - Digestion 201
        
        Digestive system 203
        
        Liver 203
        
        Relevant disorders of the digestive system 203
      - Nervous system 207
        
        Types of peripheral nerves 208
        
        Nerve transmission 209
        
        The brain and spinal cord 209
        
        The cranial nerves 210
        
        Relevant disorders of the nervous system 211
        
        The trigeminal nerve 213
      - Chapter 6 Medical Emergencies 218
        
        Casualty assessment and chain of survival 220
        
        Assessment of the unwell patient 221
        
        Principles of BLS 223
        
        Current BLS guidelines 224
        
        DRSABC in detail 225
        
        Danger 225
        
        Response 225
        
        Shout 225
        
        Airway 226
        
        Breathing 226
        
        Circulation 228
        
        Rescue breathing 229
        
        Automated external defibrillation 231
        
        BLS modifications 233
        
        Babies and young children 233
        
        Pregnant women 234
        
        Monitoring and evaluating BLS 234
        
        Recovery 235
        
        Handing over to specialists 237
        
        After the emergency 237
        
        Causes of collapse 238
        
        Asthma attack 240
        
        Anaphylaxis 241
        
        Epileptic fit 241
        
        Angina 243
        
        Myocardial infarction 243
        
        Hypoglycaemia and diabetic coma 243
        
        Choking in adults 244
        
        Choking in young children 246
        
        Choking in babies 246
        
        Stroke (CVA) 247
        
        Adrenal crisis 248
        
        Preparation of the dental team for medical emergencies 249
      - Chapter 7 Microbiology and Pathology 251
        
        Bacteria 252
        
        Viruses 253
        
        Fungi 255
        
        General effects of disease on the body 257
        
        Infection and inflammation 257
        
        Ulcers and ulceration 258
        
        Oral white and red patches 258
        
        Cysts 259
        
        Tumours 259
        
        Congenital/developmental defect 259
        
        Response of the body to pathogen attack 259
        
        Inflammatory response 260
        
        Tissue repair 261
        
        Immune response 261
        
        Allergy 263
        
        Dentally related pathology 263
        
        Oral cancer 264
        
        Other medical conditions that affect the oral tissues 271
        
        Hepatitis 271
        
        Herpes 271
        
        Human immunodeficiency virus 271
        
        Eating disorders 272
        
        Diabetes 272
        
        Digestive disorders 272
        
        Epilepsy 272
        
        Relevant drugs used in dentistry 273
        
        Antibiotics 273
        
        Antifungals 275
        
        Antivirals 275
        
        Analgesics 276
        
        Chapter 8 Infection Control and Cleanliness 278
        
        Legislation and national variation 279
        
        Need for infection control 281
        
        Basic principles of infection control 282
        
        General definitions 285
        
        Cleaning of the hands and general appearance 285
        
        Use of personal protective equipment 288
        
        Cleaning of the clinical area 289
        
        Cleaning of equipment, handpieces and instruments 297
        
        Cleaning techniques for reusable items: HTM 01-05 implications and updates 300
        
        Decontamination room layout 310
        
        Single-use (disposable) items 312
        
        Safe disposal of hazardous waste 314
        
        Occupational hazards: cross-infection and inoculation injury 315
        
        Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 316
        
        Hepatitis B 318
        
        Hepatitis C 319
        
        Herpes simplex type 1 320
        
        CJD and new variant CJD 320
        
        Inoculation injury 321
        
        Influenza 321
        
        Code of Practice on the prevention and control of infections 323
        
        Chapter 9 Head and Neck Anatomy and Physiology 325
        
        Anatomy of the skull 325
        
        Cranium 326
        
        Face 327
        
        Jaws 328
        
        Temporomandibular joint and chewing action 331
        
        Disorders of the temporomandibular joint 332
        
        Muscles of the head and neck 333
        
        Muscles of mastication 333
        
        Suprahyoid muscles 335
        
        Muscles of facial expression 336
        
        Nerve supply of the head and neck 336
        
        Trigeminal nerve 337
        
        Facial nerve 340
        
        Glossopharyngeal nerve 341
        
        Hypoglossal nerve 341
        
        Blood supply to the head and neck 341
        
        Chapter 10 Oral Anatomy and Physiology 343
        
        Soft tissues of the mouth 344
        
        Epithelial membrane 344
        
        Soft palate 345
        
        Tongue 345
        
        Swallowing 346
        
        Disorders of the tongue 347
        
        Teeth 347
        
        Microscopic structure of the teeth 348
        
        Tooth morphology 350
        
        Deciduous teeth 351
        
        Permanent teeth 351
        
        Surfaces of the teeth 353
        
        Anatomy of individual teeth 356
        
        Occlusion of the teeth 360
        
        Supporting structures of the periodontium 360
        
        Alveolar bone 362
        
        Gingiva 362
        
        Periodontal ligament 363
        
        Salivary glands 365
        
        Submandibular gland 366
        
        Sublingual gland 366
        
        Parotid gland 366
        
        Functions of saliva 367
        
        Disorders of the salivary glands 368
        
        Chapter 11 Oral Disease 370
        
        Dental caries 371
        
        Bacterial plaque 371
        
        Sugars 372
        
        Acid formation 374
        
        Sites of caries 377
        
        Caries and cavity formation 378
        
        Irreversible pulpitis 380
        
        Alveolar abscess 380
        
        Role of saliva in oral health 381
        
        Diagnosis of caries 383
        
        Prevention of caries 384
        
        Non-carious tooth surface loss 385
        
        Periodontal disease 389
        
        Causes of periodontal disease 389
        
        Periodontal tissues in health 390
        
        Chronic gingivitis 392
        
        Chronic periodontitis 393
        
        Diagnosis of periodontal disease 396
        
        Non-surgical treatment of periodontal disease 400
        
        Other periodontal conditions 404
        
        Subacute pericoronitis 404
        
        Acute herpetic gingivitis 405
        
        Acute necrotising ulcerative gingivitis 405
        
        Acute lateral periodontal abscess 406

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Carole Hollins: Dental practitioner, UK

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