The Hormones

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The Hormones: Physiology, Chemistry, and Applications, Volume IV provides information pertinent to the nature and function of hormones. This book presents unexpected findings in such diverse fields as the nature and activities of glucagon, the hormones regulating insect growth, as well as the synthesis, metabolism, and secretion of the catecholamines.

Organized into 11 chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the diversity of physiological effects of auxins. This text then explores the chemical nature, mechanisms of inactivation, and mode of synthesis of insect growth hormones. Other chapters consider hormone participation in some processes among coelenterates, platyhelminths, and echinoderms. This book discusses as well the status of information on endocrine mechanisms in the lower vertebrates. The final chapter deals with the potential advantages of immunoassay over bioassay procedures, which include high sensitivity and specificity.

This book is a valuable resource for organic chemists, biochemists, endocrinologists, morphologists, physiologists, students, and research workers.

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Front Cover 2
The Hormones: Physiology, Chemistry, and Applications 5
Copyright Page 6
Contributors to Volume IV 7
Preface 9
Table of Contents 11
Contents of Volume I 14
Chapter I. Plant Hormones 17
- I. Introduction 17
- II. Occurrence 22
- III. Transport 31
- IV. Auxins and Growth 38
- V. Mechanism of Action 54
- VI. Conclusion 65
- REFERENCES 67

Front Cover 2
The Hormones: Physiology, Chemistry, and Applications 5
Copyright Page 6
Contributors to Volume IV 7
Preface 9
Table of Contents 11
Contents of Volume I 14
Chapter I. Plant Hormones 17
- I. Introduction 17
- II. Occurrence 22
- III. Transport 31
- IV. Auxins and Growth 38
- V. Mechanism of Action 54
- VI. Conclusion 65
- REFERENCES 67
Chapter II. Hormones Regulating Insect Growth 83
- I. Introduction 84
- II. The Brain 86
- III. The Corpora Cardiaca 96
- IV. The Prothoracic Glands 98
- V. The Corpora Allata 109
- VI. The Subesophageal Ganglion 133
- VII. Pheromones 135
- VIII. Conclusion 138
- REFERENCES 139
Chapter Ill. Hormones in Invertebrates Other Than Insects 151
- I. Introduction 152
- II. Neurohormones 152
- III. Annelids 159
- IV. Crustaceans 167
- V. Mollusks 190
- VI. Protochordates 198
- VII. Other Invertebrate Phyla 201
- VIII. General Considerations 204
- REFERENCES 205
Chapter IV. Endocrinology of Poikilothermic Vertebrates 215
- I. Introduction 216
- II. Hypophysis 218
- III. Secretory Areas of the Central Nervous System 233
- IV. Thyroid 239
- V. Parathyroid and Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism 249
- VI. Pancreatic Islets and Carbohydrate Metabolism 251
- VII. Adrenal (Interrenal and Chromaffin Tissues) 255
- VIII. Corpuscles of Stannius 264
- IX. Gonads and Reproduction 265
- X. Endocrine Control of Migration 273
- XI. Endocrine Control of Osmoregulation 275
- XII. Hormones and Behavior; Pheromones and Ectohormones 286
- XV. Additional Endocrine Structures 287
- XIII. Hormones and Sex Differentiation 287
- XIV. Hormones and Pigmentation 287
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 288
- REFERENCES 288
Chapter V. Hormones and the Control of Color 315
- I. Chromatic Effectors 315
- II. Color Change and the Environment 321
- III. Hormones and Physiological Color Change 326
- IV. Morphological Color Change 365
- V. Hormones, Color Change, and Evolution 369
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 374
- REFERENCES 374
Chapter VI. Gastrointestinal Hormones 381
- I. Introduction 381
- II. Gastrin 382
- III. Secretin 383
- IV. Cholecystokinin 389
- V. Pancreozymin 393
- VI. Enterocrinin 393
- VII. Villikinin 394
- VIII. The Brunner Glands 396
- ADDENDUM 396
- REFERENCES 397
Chapter VII. 5-Hydroxytryptamin (Serotonin, Enteramine, 5HT) 403
- I. On the Distribution of 5HT 403
- II. Subcellular Distribution 405
- III. Monoamine Oxidase and 5HT 406
- IV. 5HT and Local Tissue Reactions 407
- V. Cardiovascular Actions 408
- VI. 5HT and the Gastrointestinal Tract 409
- VII. 5HT and the Peripheral Nervous System 412
- VIII. 5HT and the Central Nervous System 412
- REFERENCES 414
Chapter VIII. The Catecholamines: Biosynthesis, Storage and Release, Metabolism, and Metabolic Effects 419
- I. Introduction 420
- II. Distribution of Catecholamines 420
- III. Biosynthesis of Norepinephrine and Epinephrine 425
- IV. The Storage of Catecholamines 439
- V. The Release of Tissue Catecholamines 447
- VI. Chemical Agents That Modify the Storage or Release of Tissue Catecholamines 449
- VII. The Degradation of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine 459
- VIII. The Rate of Resynthesis of Catecholamines 470
- IX. Metabolic Actions of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine 471
- X. Concluding Remarks 479
- REFERENCES 480
Chapter IX. Insulin 497
- I. Introduction 497
- II. Chemistry of Insulin 498
- III. Insulin in the Pancreatic β Cell 505
- IV. Insulin in Blood Plasma 510
- V. Attachment of Insulin to Cells 513
- VI. Actions of Insulin on Metabolism 514
- VII. Inactivation of Insulin 534
- VIII. Insulin and Metabolic Disturbances in Pancreatic Diabetes 535
- REFERENCES 538
Chapter X. Glucagon 547
- I. History, Chemistry, and Assay of Glucagon 547
- II. Site of Origin. Secretion and Metabolic Fate of Glucagon 550
- III. The Mode of Action of Glucagon 553
- IV. The Physiologic Effects of Glucagon 556
- V. The Physiologic Role and Hormonal Nature of Glucagon 563
- VI. The Clinical Significance of Glucagon 565
- VII. Conclusions 567
- REFERENCES 568
- ADDITIONAL REFERENCES 572
- Addendum 572
Chapter XI. Immunoassay of Protein Hormones 573
- I. Introduction 573
- II. General Principles 574
- III. Immunoassay of Individual Hormones 593
- REFERENCES 639
Author Index 647
Subject Index 695

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