The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory

Opis

The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory presents a comprehensive collection of original essays that focus on all aspects of current and classic theories and practices relating to media and mass communication.

Focuses on all aspects of current and classic theories and practices relating to media and mass communication
Includes essays from a variety of global contexts, from Asia and the Middle East to the Americas
Gives niche theories new life in several essays that use them to illuminate their application in specific contexts
Features coverage of a wide variety of theoretical perspectives
Pays close attention to the use of theory in understanding new communication contexts, such as social media

2 Volumes
Volumes are aslo available for individual purchase

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The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory 6
Copyright 7
Contents 8
Notes on Contributors 12
Introduction 22
Part I Classical Theories of Media and the Press 26
- 1 Classical Liberal Theory in a Digital World 28
  - Origins and Optimism 29
  - Disillusionment and Ethics 32
  - Variations on a Liberal Theme 34
  - Liberal Theory Today 38
  - Conclusion 43
  - References 44
  - Notes 44
- 2 The Origins of Media Theory: An Alternative View 47

The Handbook of Media and Mass Communication Theory 6
Copyright 7
Contents 8
Notes on Contributors 12
Introduction 22
Part I Classical Theories of Media and the Press 26
- 1 Classical Liberal Theory in a Digital World 28
  - Origins and Optimism 29
  - Disillusionment and Ethics 32
  - Variations on a Liberal Theme 34
  - Liberal Theory Today 38
  - Conclusion 43
  - References 44
  - Notes 44
- 2 The Origins of Media Theory: An Alternative View 47
  - References 59
- 3 Political Economic Theory and Research: Conceptual Foundations and Current Trends 62
  - The Political Economy Tradition 62
  - Research on the Political Economy of the Media 65
  - Current Trends 73
  - References 77
- 4 Semiotics and the Media 81
  - Ferdinand de Saussure 81
  - Roland Barthes 82
  - Judith Williamson 83
  - Algirdas Julien Greimas 84
  - Robert Hodge and Gunther Kress 84
  - How Do I Analyze a Media Text? 85
  - Later Developments: A Semiotics of the Senses 95
  - Charles S. Peirce (1958) 96
- 5 Symbolic Interactionism and the Media 99
  - The Interactionist Tradition 100
  - Information Technologies 102
  - The Task of the Media 103
  - Media Reform and the Crisis of Democracy 106
  - Democracy and Critical Pedagogy 108
  - A Performative Communication Studies 110
  - Conclusion 114
  - References 115
  - Notes 115
- 6 Patterns in the Use of Theory in Media Effects Research 120
  - Prevalence of Theories 121
  - Most Used Theories 123
  - Parts of Media Effects Phenomenon 126
  - Implications 129
  - Conclusion 135
  - References 136
- 7 Cultivation Theory: Its History, Current Status, and Future Directions 140
  - Background of Cultivation Theory 141
  - Challenges to the Theory 143
  - Meta-Analyses of Cultivation Effects 144
  - Evidence for Cultivation Effects 145
  - More Recent Tests of Cultivation Theory 147
  - Social Cognitive Theory 152
  - Short- and Long-Term Effects of Media Exposure 153
  - Recent Studies of Media Content 154
  - Future Directions in Cultivation Theory Research 156
- 8 Media Ecology: Contexts, Concepts, and Currents 162
  - What Is Media Ecology? 162
  - The Rise of Media Ecology: A Brief Account 162
  - Contextualizing the Media 164
  - The Symbolic Biases of Media 165
  - The Physical Forms and Biases of Media 167
  - Media as the Extensions of the Human Sensorium 167
  - The Inevitability and Unpredictability of Consequences 169
  - Media Do and Undo: A Faustian Bargain 170
  - Media Ecology as Historiography 171
  - Discussion: Currents in Media Ecology 173
  - References 175
- 9 Dramatistic Theory: A Burkeian Approach to the 2004 Madrid Terrorist Attacks 179
  - Communication Studies and Dramatistic Theory 179
  - Kenneth Burke’s Dramatistic Theory 180
  - Bridges between Dramatistic Theory and Communication Studies 184
  - Case Study: The 2004 Madrid Terrorist Attacks 190
  - References 195
  - Further Reading 196
- 10 Ritual Theory and the Media 197
  - Key Elements of Media Ritual 198
  - James Carey and the Ritual Model 200
  - Politics as Symbolic Ritual 202
  - Recent Theories of Media Ritual 210
  - References 213
- 11 Jacques Ellul and the Nature of Propaganda in the Media 215
  - Introduction 215
  - Definition 216
  - Characteristics of Propaganda 218
  - Propaganda and Democracy 228
  - Ethics and Propaganda 231
  - Concluding Remarks 233
  - Further Reading 234
  - References 234
- 12 Lewis Mumford: Technics, Civilization, and Media Theory 235
  - References 249
- 13 The Impact of Ethics on Media and Press Theory 250
  - Mainstream Communication Theory 250
  - Social Responsibility Theory 255
  - Cultural Studies 259
  - Sociological Propaganda 262
  - Conclusion 268
  - Notes 268
  - References 269
  - Further Reading 271
- Part II Audiences, Social Construction, and Social Control 274
  - 14 Agenda-Setting Influence of the Media in the Public Sphere 276
    - Basic Agenda-Setting Effects 277
    - Attribute Agenda-Setting Effects 279
    - Exploring a Third Level of Effects 281
    - Psychology of Agenda Setting 287
    - References 290
    - Conclusion 290
  - 15 The Uses and Gratifications (U&G) Approach as a Lens for Studying Social Media Practice 294
    - Introduction 294
    - Uses and Gratifications Approach 295
    - What Are Social Media? 298
    - Uses and Gratifications of Social Media 299
    - Limitations and Challenges 305
    - Conclusions 307
    - Note 308
    - References 308
    - Further Reading 311
  - 16 The Media’s Impact on Perceptions of Political Polarization 312
    - Introduction 312
    - The “Culture War” Theme 313
    - Agenda Setting 316
    - News or Opinion? 318
    - The “Either/Or” Frame 319
    - The Evolving Media Marketplace 320
    - Elite Journalists Have Changed 321
    - Conclusion: Are the Media Contributing to Polarization? 323
    - References 324
    - Notes 324
  - 17 The Social-Cultural Construction of News: From Doing Work to Making Meanings 326
    - The Social Construction of News: Constraints and Relationships 327
    - The Cultural Construction of News: Assembling Shared Meanings 331
    - Conclusion 335
    - References 336
  - 18 Media, Civil Society, and the Public Sphere: History and Current Thinking 339
    - Civil Society 344
    - International Civil Society 349
    - The Public Sphere 351
    - Political Economy and the Culture Industry 354
    - Notes 356
    - References 356
    - Further Reading 357
  - 19 The Genesis of Social Responsibility Theory: William Ernest Hocking and Positive Freedom 358
    - Hocking’s Radical Alternative 359
    - Postive Freedom and the News 363
    - Conclusion 374
    - Acknowledgments 377
    - Notes 377
    - References 379
    - Further Reading 381
  - Part III New Approaches and Reconsiderations 382
    - 20 Feminist Media Theory 384
      - The Activist History 385
      - Gendered Jobs 387
      - New Gender Theories 390
      - Polysemy, Power, and Policing 392
      - Post-Feminist and Third-Wave Discourse 394
      - Global Studies and Political Economy 397
      - Technology 398
      - Other Factors, Other Conclusions 400
      - Notes 401
      - References 401
    - 21 Media, Communication, and Postcolonial Theory 405
      - The Question of Nationalism in Postcolonial Studies 408
      - Third World Nationalism and International Communications 415
      - Globalization, International Communications, and Postcolonial Theory 419
      - References 422
    - 22 Reconceptualizing “Cultural Imperialism” in the Current Era of Globalization 425
      - History of the Concept of Cultural Imperialism 427
      - Criticisms of the Cultural Imperialism Perspective 429
      - Active Audience Research and Effects of Cultural Transfers 431
      - Counterflows and Regional Flows of Culture 433
      - Cultural Globalization Rather Than Cultural Imperialism? 434
      - The Problematic Concept of “Cultural Loss” 436
      - The Intertwinement of Globalization and Americanization 437
      - Retaining the Critical Core of “Cultural Imperialism” 440
      - References 443
    - 23 Al Jazeera Remaps Global News Flows 445
      - Introduction 445
      - From Lone Channel to Global Network 447
      - Impacts in the MENA 448
      - Impacts Beyond the MENA 453
      - Conclusion 458
      - References 460
      - Further Reading 464
    - 24 Nonviolence as a Communication Strategy: An Introduction to the Rhetoric of Peacebuilding 465
      - Defining Nonviolence and Peacebuilding 466
      - Background of Nonviolence and Peacebuilding Within the Field of Communication 470
      - Nonviolent Communication Strategies for Peacebuilding 472
      - Nonviolence and Peacebuilding as Emerging Concepts in Communication 476
      - Challenges to the Research, Teaching, and Practice of Nonviolent/Peacebuilding Communication 480
      - Recommendations for Future Research and Practice 482
      - References 483
    - 25 Globalization and Cultural Identities: A Contradiction in Terms? 487
      - The Origins of the Concept of National Identity: Essentialists and Historicists 487
      - Defining Cultural Identity 491
      - Globalization 493
      - The Role of the Mass Media 494
      - Identity and Globalization: Contradiction or Harmony? 499
      - Conclusion 501
      - Notes 502
      - References 503
      - Further Reading 504
    - 26 Cultivation Theory in the Twenty-First Century 505
      - “Doing Cultivation” 508
      - Evidence of Cultivation 509
      - Diversity in Cultivation Research 510
      - New Media 517
      - Conclusion 520
      - References 520
    - 27 Media Theory and Media Policy: Worlds Apart 523
      - Introduction 523
      - Media Theories 525
      - Policy Issues 526
      - References 532
      - Worlds Apart 532
      - Notes 532
      - Further Reading 533
    - Part IV Media Theory and New Technologies 536
      - Part V Theory Case Studies 536
      - 28 The Philosophy of Technology and Communication Systems 538
        
        Philosophies of Technology 539
        
        Application to Media and Mass Communication Theory 550
        
        Triadic mass communication theory 551
        
        Cultural continuity 553
        
        Conclusion 555
        
        Notes 556
        
        References 557
      - 29 Theoretical Perspectives on the Social Construction of Technology 560
        
        Harold Adams Innis 561
        
        Marshall McLuhan 563
        
        The mythos of Media Technology 564
        
        Technology as an Intellectual Construct 565
        
        Technology and Meaning 567
        
        The Inevitability of Technology 572
        
        Notes 575
        
        References 575
      - 30 Dangerous Liaisons: Media Gaming and Violence 577
        
        Introduction 577
        
        A Brief History of Video Games 579
        
        Types and Content of Video Games 579
        
        From Violent Media to Violent Video Games: Evolution of the Field 580
        
        Motivations: Why Play Violent Video Games? 581
        
        Effects of Playing Video Games 582
        
        Theorizing the Effects of Video Games 585
        
        Moderators of Effects of Violent Video Games: Demographics 586
        
        Methodological Challenges in Researching Effects of Video Games 588
        
        Implications of the Research for Policymaking 588
        
        International Research 589
        
        Concluding Remarks 590
        
        References 590
        
        Further Reading 595
      - 31 Empowerment and Online Social Networking 597
        
        Introduction 597
        
        Defining the Terms 599
        
        Social Networks 600
        
        Web Theory 602
        
        Network Theory 603
        
        Micro Issues 604
        
        Systems Theory 604
        
        Macro Issues 607
        
        The Question of False Consciousness 607
        
        The Role of Collective Intelligence 608
        
        The Zapatista Movement 609
        
        The Arab Spring 610
        
        MoveOn.org 610
        
        Micro and Macro Uses of Social Networks for Empowerment 612
        
        Suggestions for Future Research 613
        
        Notes 614
        
        References 614
        
        Further Reading 615
      - 32 Global Communication Divides and Equal Rights to Communicate 616
        
        Introduction 616
        
        Press Theories and Freedom of Speech 618
        
        Media Imperialism and Communication Independence 621
        
        New World Information and Communication Order 625
        
        Digital Divides and Digital Communication Rights 628
        
        Technological Determinism and Technology Opportunity 632
        
        Conclusion 634
        
        References 635
      - 33 Citizenship and Consumption: Media Theory in the Age of Twitter 637
        
        The Changing Terrain 640
        
        Public Communication 643
        
        Democratic Moments 646
        
        Citizens and Consumers 650
        
        References 652
      - 34 Round Pegs in Square Holes: Is Mass Communication Theory a Useful Tool in Conducting Internet Research? 654
        
        Study of the Internet With a Communication Theory Focus 656
        
        Categorizing Communication Theories in Publications 657
        
        Ten Years’ Look at Use of Mass Comm Theory Related to the Internet 659
        
        What Does This Tell Us? 663
        
        A Future of Mass Communication Theory That Includes the Internet 665
        
        Note 667
        
        References 667
      - 35 How Global Is the Internet?: Reflections on Economic, Cultural, and Political Dimensions of the Networked “Global Village” 670
        
        Theoretical Reflections on Globalization and Transnational Mass Communication 670
        
        Global Internet Connectivity: The Digitally Divided “Tower of Babel” 673
        
        System Changes I: Virtual Cosmopolitanism 679
        
        System Change II: From the “Zapatista Effect” to “Arabellion” 682
        
        Conclusion 686
        
        Acknowledgment 686
        
        Note 686
        
        References 687

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