The Alkaloids

Opis

The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology, Volume IV contains an account of the chemistry and biosynthesis of the various classes of isoquinolines.

This book discusses the extraction and separation of the anhalonium alkaloids, other natural simple isoquinolines, and anhalonium isoquinolines. The location of the alkaloids in tissues of the cacti, monophenolic bases of the laudanosine type, and extraction of cactus alkaloids are elaborated in detail. This text also describes the several types of alkaloids such as protoberberine, aporphine, protopine, phthalideisoquinoline, and bisbenzylisoquinoline. The cularine, a-naphthaphenanthridine, erythrophleum, aconitum, and delphinium alkaloids are likewise included.

This publication is recommended for chemists, specialists, and students interested in isoquinolines.

Spis treści

Front Cover 2
The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology 5
Copyright Page 6
PREFACE 7
Table of Contents 9
Chapter 25. The Biosynthesis of Isoquinolines 13
- REFERENCES 18
Chapter 26. Simple Isoquinoline Alkaloids 19
- I. Introduction 19
- II. The Anhalonium Alkaloids 20
- III. Extraction and Separation of the Anhalonium Alkaloids 21
- IV. The Anhalonium Isoquinolines 22
- V. Structure and Synthesis of the Anhalonium Alkaloids 25
- VI. Other Natural Simple Isoquinolines 27
- VII. Pharmacology 31

Front Cover 2
The Alkaloids: Chemistry and Physiology 5
Copyright Page 6
PREFACE 7
Table of Contents 9
Chapter 25. The Biosynthesis of Isoquinolines 13
- REFERENCES 18
Chapter 26. Simple Isoquinoline Alkaloids 19
- I. Introduction 19
- II. The Anhalonium Alkaloids 20
- III. Extraction and Separation of the Anhalonium Alkaloids 21
- IV. The Anhalonium Isoquinolines 22
- V. Structure and Synthesis of the Anhalonium Alkaloids 25
- VI. Other Natural Simple Isoquinolines 27
- VII. Pharmacology 31
- VIII. References 32
Chapter 27. Cactus Alkaloids 35
- I. Introduction 35
- II. Constitution and Occurrence 35
- III. Location of the Alkaloids in Tissues of the Cacti 37
- IV. Extraction of Cactus Alkaloids 37
- V. References 38
Chapter 28. The Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids 41
- I. Introduction 41
- II. Papaverine 42
- III. Laudanosine 60
- IV. Monophenolic Bases of the Laudanosine Type 69
- V. Biogenesis of the Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids 81
- VI. References 83
Chapter 29. The Protoberberine Alkaloids 89
- I. Introduction 90
- II. Occurrence 90
- III. Berberine 90
- IV. Canadine 103
- V. Palmatine 104
- VI. Shobakunine 105
- VII. Tetrahydropalmatine 105
- IX. Corypalmine and Isocorypalmine 107
- VIII. Jatrorrhizine and Columbamine 107
- X. Scoulerine 109
- XII. Cheilanthifoline 110
- XI. Sinactine 110
- XIII. Ophiocarpine 111
- XIV. Capaurine and Capauri 112
- XV. Capaurimine 114
- XVI. Stylopine and Coptisine 114
- XVII. Corydaline 115
- XVIII. Corybulbine 119
- XX. Thalictrifoline 120
- XXI. Thalictricavine 120
- XIX. Isocorybulbine 120
- XXII. Nandinine 121
- XXIII. Worenine 122
- XXV. Neprotine 123
- XXIV. Umbellatine 123
- XXVI. Thalictrine 124
- XXVII. Coreximine 124
- XXVIII. References 125
Chapter 30. The Aporphine Alkaloids 131
- I. Introduction 131
- II. Glaucine 132
- III. Glaucentrine 134
- IV. Boldine 135
- V. Laurotetanine 137
- VII. Dicentrine 138
- VI. N-Methyllaurotetanine 138
- VIII. Actinodaphnine 139
- IX. Domesticine 140
- X. Nantenine 140
- XII. Crebanine 141
- XIII. Corydine 141
- XI. Phanostenine 141
- XV. Corytuberine 142
- XIV. Isocorydine 142
- XVII. Bulbocapnine 144
- XVI. Suaveoline 144
- XVIII. Laurepukine 146
- XIX. Isothebaine 147
- XX. Tuduranine 148
- XXI. Laureline 149
- XXII. Pukateine 150
- XXIII. Anolobine 151
- XXV. Roemerine 153
- XXIV. Stephanine 153
- XXVI. Anonaine 154
- XXVII. Other Aporphines 154
- XXVIII. References 155
Chapter 31. The Protopine Alkaloids 159
- I. Introduction 159
- II. Occurrence 160
- III. Cryptopine 161
- IV. Cryptocavine 167
- V. Protopine 169
- VI. Allocryptopine 171
- VII. Hunnemanine 172
- VIII. Cryptopalmatine 173
- IX. Corycavine 174
- X. Corycavamine 175
- XI. Corycavidine 175
- XII. References 176
Chapter 32. Phthalideisoquinoline Alkaloids 179
- I. Introduction 180
- II. Constitution 181
- III. Syntheses 192
- IV. Discovery, Isolation, and Properties 195
- V. Physiology and Pharmacology 201
- VI. References 202
Chapter 33. Bisbenzylisoquinoline Alkaloids 211
- I. Introduction 211
- II. Alkaloids Containing One Diphenyl Ether Linkage 215
- III. Alkaloids Containing Two Diphenyl Ether Linkages 223
- IV. Alkaloids Containing Three Diphenyl Ether Linkages 249
- V. References 255
Chapter 34. The Cularine Alkaloids 261
- II. Cularine 261
- I. Introduction 261
- III. Cularimine 263
- V. References 264
- IV. Cularidine 264
Chapter 35. α-Naphthaphenanthridine Alkaloids 265
- II. Occurrence 265
- I. Introduction 265
- III. Structure 268
- IV. Pharmacology 273
- V. References 274
Chapter 36. The Erythrophleum Alkaloids 277
- I. Isolation 277
- II . Properties of the Alkaloids 278
- III. Pharmacology 283
- IV. References 284
Chapter 37. The Aconitum and Delphinium Alkaloids 287
- I. Introduction 287
- II. The Chemistry of the Atisines 290
- III. The Chemistry of the Aconitines 304
- IV. The Monoester Alkaloids Derived from Methoxyl-rich Amino Alcohols Analogous to the Aconines 332
- V. "Miscellaneous" Alkaloids Isolated from Aconitum and Delphinium Species 340
- VI. References 342
Author Index 347
Subject Index 362

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