Protein in Neonatal and Infant Nutrition: Recent Updates

Description

Protein plays a vital role in growth and development and is able to 'program' healthy growth by influencing gene methylation for positive long-term health outcomes. The understanding of these mechanisms is critical to support and improve the health of future generations in both the short and long term.The first part of this book reviews the role of hydrolyzed proteins in infant feeding and the evidence-based benefits of their use in non-breastfed infants at risk of allergy and in infants with functional gastrointestinal disorders. The second part focuses on human milk and its potential alternatives in the feeding of healthy term infants. The final section is dedicated to preterm infants, their nutrition needs, and physiological capacities to ingest adequate amounts of protein for appropriate growth and development. Presenting the latest scientific findings on protein in early nutrition, this publication provides essential reading for pediatricians and researchers alike.

Cover 2
Frontmatter 5
Contents 7
Preface 9
Foreword 11
Contributors 13
Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Role in Infant Nutrition 17
- Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Definitions 17
- Abstract 17
- Protein Needs in Infancy 19
- Specialized Infant Formula for Specific Needs 23
- Conclusion 25
- Disclosure Statement 25
- References 25
Hydrolyzed Proteins in Allergy 27

Cover 2
Frontmatter 5
Contents 7
Preface 9
Foreword 11
Contributors 13
Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Role in Infant Nutrition 17
- Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids: Definitions 17
- Abstract 17
- Protein Needs in Infancy 19
- Specialized Infant Formula for Specific Needs 23
- Conclusion 25
- Disclosure Statement 25
- References 25
Hydrolyzed Proteins in Allergy 27
- Introduction 27
- Abstract 27
- Cow’s Milk Allergy 28
- Cow’s Milk Proteins 28
- Hydrolyzed Formulas 29
- Prevention of Allergy 31
- Treatment of Allergy 35
- Acquisition of Tolerance 38
- Nutritional Value 39
- Conclusion 40
- Disclosure Statement 40
- References 40
Infant Formula with Partially Hydrolyzed Proteins in Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders 45
- Abstract 45
- Introduction 45
- Definition of Partially Hydrolyzed Formulas 46
- Partially Hydrolyzed Formulas and Regurgitation 46
- Partially Hydrolyzed Formulas and Infantile Colic 48
- Partially Hydrolyzed Formula and Constipation 50
- Disclosure Statement 52
- Discussion 52
- References 53
Hydrolyzed Proteins in Preterm Infants 55
- Abstract 55
- Introduction 55
- Nutritional Adequacy 56
- Gastrointestinal Transit Time and Feeding Tolerance 60
- Prevention of Allergic Diseases 61
- Conclusion 62
- Disclosure Statement 63
- References 63
Hydrolyzed Formula for Every Infant? 67
- Abstract 67
- Introduction 68
- Definitions and Allergenicity 68
- Clinical Aspects 71
- Allergy Prevention 73
- Cost Analysis 77
- Conclusions 78
- Disclosure Statement 79
- References 80
The Benefits of Breast Feeding 83
- Abstract 83
- Introduction 83
- Infections 86
- Neurodevelopmental Outcome 86
- Allergy 88
- Obesity 88
- Celiac Disease as a Model for Autoimmune Disorders 89
- Closing Remarks 90
- Disclosure Statement 91
- References 91
Protein Evolution of Human Milk 93
- Abstract 93
- Introduction 94
- Materials and Methods 95
- Results 96
- Discussion 99
- Disclosure Statement 100
- References 100
Metabolic Programming: Effects of Early Nutrition on Growth, Metabolism and Body Composition 103
- Abstract 103
- Growth and Protein Requirements during the First 1,000 Days 104
- Protein Intake – Long-Term Outcomes and Biomarkers 106
- Body Composition 108
- Conclusions 109
- References 110
- Acknowledgment 110
- Disclosure Statement 110
Human Milk: Bioactive Proteins/Peptides and Functional Properties 113
- Introduction 113
- Abstract 113
- Assessment of Bioactivities of Human Milk Proteins/Peptides 114
- Digestive Fate of Milk Proteins/Peptides 115
- Milk Proteins That Can Act in Intact Form 115
- Proteins That Can Act after Forming Bioactive Peptides 118
- Formation/Digestion of Milk Peptides – Physiological Implications 120
- Disclosure Statement 121
- References 122
Human Milk for Preterm Infants and Fortification 125
- Introduction 125
- Abstract 125
- Fortification of Human Milk 128
- References 133
- Disclosure Statement 133
Protein Needs of Preterm Infants: Why Are They So Difficult to Meet? 137
- Introduction 137
- Abstract 137
- Disclosure Statement 143
- References 143
- Conclusion 143
Optimizing Early Protein Intake for Long-Term Health of Preterm Infants 145
- Abstract 145
- Introduction 145
- Underlying Concepts for Feeding the Premature Infant 146
- Protein Intake and Later Neurocognitive Development 147
- Protein Intake and Later Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease 149
- Protein Intake and Later Growth and Bone Health 149
- Overview 151
- References 152
- Disclosure Statement 152
Defining Protein Requirements of Preterm Infants by Using Metabolic Studies in Fetuses and Preterm Infants 155
- Introduction 155
- Abstract 155
- Placental and Fetal Metabolism 157
- Neonatal Studies 159
- References 163
- Conclusion 163
- Disclosure Statement 163
Amino Acid Intake in Preterm Infants 167
- Introduction 167
- Abstract 167
- Amino Acid Provision in Utero 168
- Amino Acid Solutions for Parenteral Nutrition of Preterm Infants 169
- Amino Acids in Parenteral Nutrition of Preterm Infants 171
- References 174
- Disclosure Statement 174
Concluding Remarks 177
Subject Index 179

86th Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop, Beijing, May 2015

Description

TOC

Reviews (0)