Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis

Description

Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis focuses on the processes, reactions, methodologies, and approaches involved in chemical reactor analysis, including stoichiometry, adiabatic reactors, external mass transfer, and thermochemistry.

The publication first takes a look at stoichiometry and thermochemistry and chemical equilibrium. Topics include heat of formation and reaction, measurement of quantity and its change by reaction, concentration changes with a single reaction, rate of generation of heat by reaction, and equilibrium of simultaneous and heterogeneous reactions. The manuscript then offers information on reaction rates and the progress of reaction in time. Discussions focus on systems of first order reactions, concurrent reactions of low order, general irreversible reaction, variation of reaction rate with extent and temperature, and heterogeneous reaction rate expressions.

The book examines the interaction of chemical and physical rate processes, continuous flow stirred tank reactor, and adiabatic reactors. Concerns include multistage adiabatic reactors, adiabatic stirred tank, stability and control of the steady state, mixing in the reactor, effective reaction rate expressions, and external mass transfer.

The publication is a dependable reference for readers interested in chemical reactor analysis.

Front Cover 2
Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis 5
Copyright Page 6
Preface 9
Table of Contents 11
Illustrative Examples Used in the Text and Exercises 14
Chapter 1. What is Chemical Reactor Analysis? 17
- 1.1 A General Look at the Subject 17
- 1.2 A Note on Presentation, Problems, and Prerequisites 21
- REFERENCES 21
Chapter 2. Stoichiometry 24
- 2.1 What It Is and Why We Need It 24
- 2.2 Entire Reactions and Reaction Mechanisms 25
- 2.3 Independence of Reactions 27
- 2.4 Measurement of Quantity and Its Change by Reaction 31

Front Cover 2
Elementary Chemical Reactor Analysis 5
Copyright Page 6
Preface 9
Table of Contents 11
Illustrative Examples Used in the Text and Exercises 14
Chapter 1. What is Chemical Reactor Analysis? 17
- 1.1 A General Look at the Subject 17
- 1.2 A Note on Presentation, Problems, and Prerequisites 21
- REFERENCES 21
Chapter 2. Stoichiometry 24
- 2.1 What It Is and Why We Need It 24
- 2.2 Entire Reactions and Reaction Mechanisms 25
- 2.3 Independence of Reactions 27
- 2.4 Measurement of Quantity and Its Change by Reaction 31
- 2.5 Measures of Concentration 35
- 2.6 Concentration Changes with a Single Reaction 37
- 2.7 Concentration Changes with Several Reactions 39
- 2.8 Rate of Reaction 41
- NOTATION 43
Chapter 3. Thermochemistry and Chemical Equilibrium 45
- 3.1 Introduction 45
- 3.2 Heat of Formation 46
- 3.3 Heat of Reaction 47
- 3.4 Variation of the Heat of Reaction 51
- 3.5 Rate of Generation of Heat by Reaction 52
- 3.6 Chemical Equilibrium 53
- 3.7 The Calculation of Homogeneous Equilibrium Compositions 56
- 3.8 Equilibrium of Simultaneous and Heterogeneous Reactions 63
- REFERENCES 67
Chapter 4. Reaction Rates 69
- 4.1 What Is Needed and What Can Be Obtained 69
- 4.2 Homogeneous Reaction Rates 70
- 4.3 Variation of Reaction Rate with Extent and Temperature 78
- 4.4 A Portrait of the Second Order Reversible Reaction 85
- 4.5 Reaction Rates near Equilibrium 88
- 4.6 Reaction Mechanisms 90
- 4.7 Heterogeneous Reaction Rate Expressions 93
- 4.8 Reaction Rates in Other Concentration Measures 94
- 4.9 Classification and Orders of Magnitude of Reaction Rates 95
- REFERENCES 98
Chapter 5. The Progress of the Reaction in Time 100
- 5.1 Introduction 100
- 5.2 The First Order Reaction 104
- 5.3 The General Irreversible Reaction 108
- 5.4 The General Homogeneous Reaction 110
- 5.5 Concurrent Reactions of Low Order 114
- 5.6 Consecutive First Order Reactions 116
- 5.7 Systems of First Order Reactions 120
- 5.8 Numerical Methods 123
- REFERENCES 127
Chapter 6. The Interaction of Chemical and Physical Rate Processes 129
- 6.1 Effective Reaction Rate Expressions 130
- 6.2 The Concept of the Rate Determining Step 134
- 6.3 External Mass Transfer 143
- 6.4 Diffusion Within the Catalyst Pellet 144
- 6.5 The Combination of External MassTransfer and Internal Diffusion 156
- 6.6 The Effect of Temperature Variations 157
- 6.7 Applications 163
- REFERENCES 166
Chapter 7. The Continuous Flow Stirred Tank Reactor 172
- 7.1 The Basic Mass Balances 174
- 7.2 The Energy Balance 182
- 7.3 The Design of a Single Reactor 184
- 7.4 Some Considerations in Detailed Design 197
- 7.5 Stability of the Steady State 204
- 7.6 Control of the Steady State 214
- 7.7 Sequences of Stirred Tank Reactors 217
- 7.8 Optimal Sequences of Stirred Tank Reactors 224
- 7.9 Mixing in the Reactor 231
- REFERENCES 239
Chapter 8. Adiabatic Reactors 245
- 8.1 General Principles 245
- 8.2 The Adiabatic Stirred Tank 246
- 8.3 Sequences of Adiabatic Stirred Tanks 250
- 8.4 The Adiabatic Tubular or Batch Reactor 254
- 8.5 Multistage Adiabatic Reactors 260
- 8.6 Combined Types of Adiabatic Reactor 265
- 8.7 Stability of Adiabatic Reactors 268
- REFERENCES 271
Chapter 9. The Tubular Reactor 275
- 9.1 Types of Tubular Reactor 275
- 9.2 The Mass Balance 278
- 9.3 The Pressure Drop Through the Reactor 284
- 9.4 The Energy Balance 285
- 9.5 The Basic Design Problems 287
- 9.6 Optimal Designs for Tubular Reactors 291
- 9.7 Tubular Reactors Cooled or Heated from the Wall 299
- 9.8 Sensitivity and Stability 317
- 9.9 The Effect of Flow Profile 322
- 9.10 Axial Dispersion in Tubular Reactors 325
- REFERENCES 330
Chapter 10. The Batch Reactor 338
- 10.1 The Equations for the Batch Reactor 339
- 10.2 Intermittent Operation 343
- 10.3 Optimal Control 346
- REFERENCES 350
Appendix: Some Less Well-known Functions of Use in Reactor Analysis 353
Index 361

Author's affiliation

Rutherford Aris: University of Minnesota, Bloomington, U.S.A.

Butterworths Series in Chemical Engineering

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