Marine Mammals of the World

Description

This new edition of Marine Mammals of the World describes and illustrates newly discovered and rarely photographed species, making it the most comprehensive and up-to-date identification guide available.

This edition continues to meet the research-focused needs of marine biologists and conservation biologists by providing a tremendous influx of new photos, taking advantage of advances in digital and auto-focusing photography, and the emergence of marine mammal studies and "whalewatching" around the world. The book encompasses cetacean, pinniped, and sirenian species, as well as extinct species, and describes basic biology and taxonomic groupings of marine mammals.

Contains superb photographs of every species of marine mammal for accurate identification
Authors possess nearly 80 years of collective experience with almost all of the species and distinctive geographic forms described in the guide
Provides the most detailed and anatomically accurate illustrations currently available, including more than 750 new illustrations
Special emphasis is placed on the identification of species in "problem groups," such as the beaked whales, long-beaked oceanic dolphins, and southern fur seals
Includes a detailed list of sources for more information
Contains updated taxonomy including four new species

Front Cover 2
Marine Mammals of the World 5
Copyright 6
Table of Contents 7
Preface and Acknowledgments 9
Chapter 1: Introduction 11
- The Need for This Guide 11
- Marine Mammal Identification and How to Use This Guide 12
- Notes on the Format of the Species Accounts 15
- Request for Feedback from Users 16
- Notes on the Identification Keys 16
Chapter 2: Basic Marine Mammal Biology 17
- What is a Marine Mammal? 17
- Types of Marine Mammals 17
- Basic Marine Mammal Biology 18

Front Cover 2
Marine Mammals of the World 5
Copyright 6
Table of Contents 7
Preface and Acknowledgments 9
Chapter 1: Introduction 11
- The Need for This Guide 11
- Marine Mammal Identification and How to Use This Guide 12
- Notes on the Format of the Species Accounts 15
- Request for Feedback from Users 16
- Notes on the Identification Keys 16
Chapter 2: Basic Marine Mammal Biology 17
- What is a Marine Mammal? 17
- Types of Marine Mammals 17
- Basic Marine Mammal Biology 18
Chapter 3: Taxonomic Groupings Above the Species Level 27
- Cetacea—Whales, dolphins, and porpoises 27
- Order Carnivora—Carnivorous mammals (including pinnipeds, marine otters, and polar bear) 31
- Order Sirenia—Manatees and Dugongs 31
- Pinnipedia—Seals, sea lions, and walruses 32
Chapter 4: Cetaceans 35
- North Atlantic Right Whale—Eubalaena glacialis 40
- North Pacific Right Whale—Eubalaena japonica 44
- Southern Right Whale—Eubalaena australis 47
- Bowhead Whale—Balaena mysticetus 52
- Pygmy Right Whale—Caperea marginata 56
- Blue Whale—Balaenoptera musculus 59
- Fin Whale—Balaenoptera physalus 64
- Sei Whale—Balaenoptera borealis 69
- Bryde’s Whale—Balaenoptera edeni 73
- Omura’s Whale—Balaenoptera omurai 77
- Common Minke Whale—Balaenoptera acutorostrata 80
- Antarctic Minke Whale—Balaenoptera bonaerensis 85
- Humpback Whale — Megaptera novaeangliae 89
- Gray Whale — Eschrichtius robustus 94
- Sperm Whale — Physeter macrocephalus 98
- Pygmy Sperm Whale — Kogia breviceps 105
- Dwarf Sperm Whale — Kogia sima 109
- Baird’s Beaked Whale — Berardius bairdii 112
- Arnoux’s Beaked Whale — Berardius arnuxii 116
- Cuvier’s Beaked Whale — Ziphius cavirostris 119
- Northern Bottlenose Whale — Hyperoodon ampullatus 124
- Southern Bottlenose Whale — Hyperoodon planifrons 129
- Shepherd’s Beaked Whale — Tasmacetus shepherdi 132
- Blainville’s Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon densirostris 135
- Note on Beaked Whales of the Genus Mesoplodon 140
- Gray’s Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon grayi 142
- Ginkgo-Toothed Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon ginkgodens 146
- Deraniyagala’s Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon hotaula 148
- Hector’s Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon hectori 150
- Perrin’s Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon perrini 152
- Hubbs’ Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon carlhubbsi 154
- Pygmy Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon peruvianus 156
- Sowerby’s Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon bidens 159
- Gervais’ Beaked Whale—Mesoplodon europaeus 162
- True’s Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon mirus 165
- Strap-Toothed Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon layardii 168
- Andrews’ Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon bowdoini 172
- Stejneger’s Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon stejnegeri 174
- Spade-Toothed Beaked Whale — Mesoplodon traversii 177
- Longman’s Beaked Whale — lndopacetus pacificus 179
- Narwhal — Monodon monoceros 182
- Beluga Whale — Delphinapterus leucas 186
- Australian Snubfin Dolphin — Orcaella heinsohni 190
- Irrawaddy Dolphin — Orcaella brevirostris 193
- Killer Whale — Orcinus orca 196
- Short-Finned Pilot Whale — Globicephala macrorhynchus 203
- Long-Finned Pilot Whale — Globicephala melas 207
- False Killer Whale — Pseudorca crassidens 210
- Pygmy Killer Whale— Feresa attenuata 214
- Melon-Headed Whale — Peponocephala electra 217
- Risso’s Dolphin — Grampus griseus 220
- Tucuxi — Sotalia fluviatilis 224
- Guiana Dolphin — Sotalia guianensis 227
- Rough-Toothed Dolphin — Steno bredanensis 230
- Atlantic Humpback Dolphin — Sousa teuszii 234
- Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin — Sousa chinensis 237
- Indian Ocean Humpback Dolphin — Sousa plumbea 240
- Australian Humpback Dolphin — Sousa sahulensis 244
- Common Bottlenose Dolphin — Tursiops truncatus 247
- Indo-Pacific Bottlenose Dolphin — Tursiops aduncus 253
- Pantropical Spotted Dolphin — Stenella attenuata 256
- Atlantic Spotted Dolphin — Stenella frontalis 261
- Spinner Dolphin— Stenella longirostris 265
- Clymene Dolphin—Stenella clymene 271
- Striped Dolphin — Stenella coeruleoalba 274
- Short-Beaked Common Dolphin — Delphinus delphis 278
- Long-Beaked Common Dolphin — Delphinus capensis 283
- Fraser’s Dolphin — Lagenodelphis hosei 288
- White-beaked Dolphin — Lagenorhynchus albirostris 292
- Atlantic White-Sided Dolphin — Lagenorhynchus acutus 295
- Pacific White-Sided Dolphin — Lagenorhynchus obliquidens 299
- Dusky Dolphin — Lagenorhynchus obscurus 303
- Hourglass Dolphin—Lagenorhynchus cruciger 307
- Peale’s Dolphin—Lagenorhynchus australis 310
- Northern Right Whale Dolphin —Lissodelphis borealis 313
- Southern Right Whale Dolphin—Lissodelphis peronii 316
- Commerson’s Dolphin — Cephalorhynchus commersonii 319
- Heaviside’s Dolphin — Cephalorhynchus heavisidii 323
- Hector’s Dolphin — Cephalorhynchus hectori 326
- Chilean Dolphin — Cephalorhynchus eutropia 329
- Dall’s Porpoise — Phocoenoides dalli 332
- Harbor Porpoise — Phocoena phocoena 336
- Spectacled Porpoise — Phocoena dioptrica 340
- Burmeister’s Porpoise — Phocoena spinipinnis 343
- Vaquita — Phocoena sinus 346
- Indo-Pacific Finless Porpoise — Neophocaena phocaenoides 349
- Narrow-Ridged Finless Porpoise — Neophocaena asiaeorientalis 352
- South Asian River Dolphin — Platanista gangetica 356
- Amazon River Dolphin — Inia geoffrensis 360
- Franciscana — Pontoporia blainvillei 365
Chapter 5: Pinnipeds 369
- Northern Fur Seal — Callorhinus ursinus 370
- Note on Hybrid Southern Hemisphere Fur Seals Genus Arctocephalus 376
- Antarctic Fur Seal—Arctocephalus gazella 378
- Juan Fernandez and Guadalupe Fur Seals — Arctocephalus philippii 384
- Galapagos Fur Seal — Arctocephalus galapagoensis 391
- South American Fur Seal — Arctocephalus australis 395
- New Zealand Fur Seal–Arctocephalus forsteri 400
- Subantarctic Fur Seal — Arctocephalus tropicalis 405
- Cape and Australian Fur Seals — Arctocephalus pusillus 409
- Steller Sea Lion — Eumetopias jubatus 416
- California Sea Lion — Zalophus californianus 423
- Galapagos Sea Lion — Zalophus wollebaeki 431
- South American Sea Lion — Otaria flavescens 436
- Australian Sea Lion — Neophoca cinerea 441
- New Zealand Sea Lion — Phocarctos hookeri 445
- Walrus — Odobenus rosmarus 450
- Hawaiian Monk Seal — Neomonachus schauinslandi 456
- Mediterranean Monk Seal — Monachus monachus 461
- Ross Seal — Ommatophoca rossii 465
- Crabeater Seal — Lobodon carcinophaga 468
- Leopard Seal—Hydrurga leptonyx 473
- Weddell Seal—Leptonychotes weddellii 478
- Southern Elephant Seal—Mirounga leonina 482
- Northern Elephant Seal—Mirounga angustirostris 488
- Bearded Seal—Erignathus barbatus 494
- Hooded Seal — Cystophora cristata 499
- Gray Seal — Halichoerus grypus 502
- Ribbon Seal — Histriophoca fasciata 506
- Harp Seal — Pagophilus groenlandicus 510
- Harbor Seal — Phoca vitulina 514
- Spotted Seal — Phoca largha 519
- Ringed Seal — Pusa hispida 523
- Baikal Seal — Pusa sibirica 528
- Caspian Seal — Pusa caspica 531
Chapter 6: Sirenians 533
- West Indian Manatee — Trichechus manatus 534
- African Manatee — Trichechus senegalensis 537
- Amazonian Manatee —Trichechus inunguis 539
- Dugong —Dugong dugon 542
Chapter 7: Otters & Polar Bear 545
- Sea Otter—Enhydra lutris 546
- Marine Otter — Lontra felina 549
- Polar Bear — Ursus maritimus 552
Chapter 8: Extinct Species 557
- Baiji — Lipotes vexillifer 558
- Japanese Sea Lion —Zalophus japonicus 561
- Caribbean Monk Seal — Neomonachus tropicalis 563
- Steller’s Sea Cow—Hydrodamalis gigas 565
9: Identification Keys 567
- A. Key to Identification of Cetaceans of the World, Based on External Appearance 567
- B. Key to Identification of Cetaceans of the World, Based on Skull Morphology 577
- C. Key to Identification of Baleen Whales of the World, Based on Baleen Plates 597
- D. Key to Identification of Pinnipeds of the World, Based on External Appearance 598
- E. Key to Identification of Pinnipeds of the World, Based on Skull Morphology 602
- G. Key to Identification of Sirenians of the World, Based on Skull Morphology 609
- F. Key to Identification of Sirenians of the World, Based on External Appearance and Distribution 609
10: Sources for More Information 611
11: Index—Common Names 613
12: Index—Scientific Names 615
Photo Credit Suplementary Information 618

Author's affiliation

Thomas A. Jefferson: Clymene Enterprises, Lakeside, CA, USA
Marc A. Webber: Golden Gate Cetacean Research, Corte Madera,
Robert L. Pitman: NOAA Fisheries, Southwest Fisheries Science C

A Comprehensive Guide to Their Identification

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