Vitamins and Hormones

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Front Cover 2
Vitamins and Hormones: Advances in Research and Applications 5
Copyright Page 6
Contributors to Volume III 7
Editors’ Preface 9
Contents 11
Chapter 1. The Interrelation of Vitamins 19
- I . Introduction 19
- II. The Interrelation of Vitamins in Vitro 20
- III. The Association of Vitamins in Function 22
- IV. The Association of Vitamins in Related Biochemical Systems 23
- V. The Association of Vitamins with the Development and Maintenance of Tissues 26
- VI. The Influence of Fats on the Relative Requirements of Vitamins 29
- VII. The Synergism between Vitamins A and E 30
- VIII. The Effect of Massive Dosing with One Vitamin on the Requirement of Others 33

Front Cover 2
Vitamins and Hormones: Advances in Research and Applications 5
Copyright Page 6
Contributors to Volume III 7
Editors’ Preface 9
Contents 11
Chapter 1. The Interrelation of Vitamins 19
- I . Introduction 19
- II. The Interrelation of Vitamins in Vitro 20
- III. The Association of Vitamins in Function 22
- IV. The Association of Vitamins in Related Biochemical Systems 23
- V. The Association of Vitamins with the Development and Maintenance of Tissues 26
- VI. The Influence of Fats on the Relative Requirements of Vitamins 29
- VII. The Synergism between Vitamins A and E 30
- VIII. The Effect of Massive Dosing with One Vitamin on the Requirement of Others 33
- IX. Conclusions 35
- References 36
Chapter 2. The Synthesis of B Vitamins by Intestinal Bacteria 41
- I. Introduction 41
- II. Historical Background 42
- III. Coprophagy and Refection 43
- IV. The Bacterial Synthesis of Thiamin in Animals 45
- V. The Bacterial Synthesis of Riboflavin in Animals 46
- VI. The Bacterial Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid in Animals 46
- VII. The Bacterial Synthesis of Pyridoxin in Animals 47
- VIII. The Bacterial Synthesis of Pantothenic Acid in Animals 47
- IX. The Bacterial Synthesis of Biotin in Animals 47
- X. The Bacterial Synthesis of Folic Acid in Animals 48
- XI. The Bacterial Synthesis of Inositol in Animals 48
- XII. Factors Influencing Bacterial Synthesis in the Animal Organism 48
- XIII . Bacterial Synthesis of Thiamin in Man 53
- XIV. Bacterial Synthesis of Riboflavin in Man 57
- XV. Bacterial Synthesis of Nicotinic Acid in Man 59
- XVI. Bacterial Synthesis of Biotin and Folic Acid in Man 59
- XVII. Vitamin Synthesis and Its Implications in Human Nutrition 60
- XVIII. Conclusion 61
- References 62
Chapter 3. Sulfonamides and Vitamin Deficiencies 67
- I. Introduction 67
- II. Identification of Deficiencies 74
- III. Mechanism of Production of Vitamin Deficiencies 84
- IV. Conclusion 87
- References 87
Chapter 4. Manifestations of Prenatal Nutritional Deficiency 91
- I. Introduction 91
- II. Effect of Maternal Inanition upon the Prenatal Development of the Offspring 92
- V. Effect of Maternal Mineral Deficiency upon the Prenatal Development of the Offspring 94
- III. Effect of Maternal Protein Deficiency upon the Prenatal Development of the Offspring 94
- IV. Effect of Maternal Fat and Carbohydrate Deficiency upon the Prenatal Development of the Offspring 94
- VI. Effect of Maternal Vitamin Deficiency upon the Prenatal Development of the Offspring 98
- VII. Recent Studies on the Relationship of Maternal Nutrition to Fetal Development in Man 109
- VIII. General Considerations 113
- References 117
Chapter 5. Growth Factors in Microbiology–Some Wider Aspects of Nutritional Studies with Micro–organism 123
- I. Introduction 126
- II. Thiamin 135
- III. Riboflavin 150
- IV. Pyridoxin 155
- V. Glutamine 164
- VI. Pantothenic Acid and β-Alanine 169
- VII. Biotin 176
- VIII. p-Aminobenzoic Acid 189
- IX. Xicotinic Acid and Pyridine Nucleotides 198
- X. Purines and Pyrimidines 216
- XI. Inositol 225
- XII. Choline 227
- XIII. Oleic Acid 230
- XIV. Naphthoquinones 231
- XV. Epilogue 235
- References 235
Chapter 6. Possibilities in the Realm of Synthetic Estrogens 249
- I. The Validity of Logic in Chemotherapeutic Research 249
- II. From Estradiol to Stilbestrol 251
- III. The Problem of Activity in the Estrogens 253
- References 254
Chapter 7. Chemistry of Anti-Pernicious Anemia Substances of Liver 257
- I. Foreword 258
- II. Definitions 258
- III. Early Therapy 259
- IV. Whole Liver Therapy 261
- V. Fractionation of Liver by Cohn, Minot, and Associates 262
- VI. Early Work by West and Associates 269
- VII. Later Work by Dakin, West, and Associates 271
- VIII. Work of Laland, Klem, Strandell, and Associates 276
- IX. Work of SubbaRow and Jacobson 282
- X. Other Evidence for More than One Factor 298
- XI. On the Importance of Tryptophan and Histidine Work of Fontès and Thivolle 299
- XII. Miscellaneous Contributions 303
- XIII. Criteria of Activity 309
- XIV. Comparison of Activities of Preparations 311
- References 313
- XV. General Summary 313
Chapter 8. The Mechanism of Action and Metabolism of Gonadotropic Hormones in the Organism 317
- I. Introduction 317
- II. Time Interval Required for Inactivation of Gonadotropic Hormones 318
- III. Excretion of Gonadotropic Hormones 324
- IV. Site of Inactivation of Gonadotropic Hormones 327
- V. Interval between Administration of Gonadotropic Hormones and Appearance of the Gonadotropic Reaction in the Organism 332
- VI. Is the Activity of the Gonadotropic Hormone Due to the Substance in Its Original Form? 336
- VII. Production of the Secondary Sex Hormones in the Ovary 337
- VIII. Effect of Mode of Administration of Gonadotropic Hormones upon the Response Thereto 341
- IX. Synergism between the Anterior Pituitary Lobe and Chorionic Gonadotropin 347
- X. Reaction of Different Species to Various Gonadotropins 350
- References 352
Chapter 9. The Role of Acetylcholine in the Mechanism of Nerve Activity 357
- I. Introduction 357
- II. The Concentration of Choline Esterase at Neuromuscular Junctions and Synapses 361
- III. Localisation of Choline Esterase at the Neuronal Surface 368
- IV. Parallelism between Voltage and Enzyme Activity in the Electric Organ 371
- V. New Concept of the Role of Acetylcholine 378
- VI. The ''Acetylcholine Cycle'' 380
- VII. The Formation of Acetylcholine; Choline Acetylase 385
- VIII. Discussion and Summary 388
- References 394
Author Index 399
Subject Index 415

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