Current Perspectives in Kidney Diseases

Opis

After years of stagnation, much has been happening in the diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases. This book contains a comprehensive review of the main developments in AKI, CKD, hemodialysis and kidney transplantation. The section on AKI deals with the key innovations in extracorporeal technologies. The section on nephrology and CKD concentrates on mineral metabolism alterations, restenosis in hemodialytic fistulas, mycophenolate mofetil as an alternative treatment for IgA nephropathy, and the genetics and progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The part on hemodialysis includes contributions on expanded hemodialysis, potassium profiling and home hemodialysis. Chapters on the treatment of acute antibody-mediated rejection after transplantation, pathogenesis and therapy of chronic allograft injury, and non-invasive surrogate biomarkers of acute rejection round out the subjects covered. Due to the wide variety of topics included in each section, this book is not only of interest to nephrologists, but also to professionals from related fields.

Spis treści

Cover 2
Front Matter 5
Contents 7
Foreword 9
- Present and Future of Acute andChronic Kidney Disease 9
Perspectives in Acute Kidney Injury 11
- Extracorporeal Treatments in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Sepsis 11
  - Introduction 11
  - Abstract 11
  - S-AKI: Novel Pathogenic Mechanisms, Biomarkers of Tissue Injury and Promising Therapeutic Targets 12
  - Extracorporeal Therapies in Patients with Sepsis-Associated AKI 17
  - Conclusions 24
  - References 24
- Citrate Anticoagulation during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy 29
  - Abstract 29

Cover 2
Front Matter 5
Contents 7
Foreword 9
- Present and Future of Acute andChronic Kidney Disease 9
Perspectives in Acute Kidney Injury 11
- Extracorporeal Treatments in Patients with Acute Kidney Injury and Sepsis 11
  - Introduction 11
  - Abstract 11
  - S-AKI: Novel Pathogenic Mechanisms, Biomarkers of Tissue Injury and Promising Therapeutic Targets 12
  - Extracorporeal Therapies in Patients with Sepsis-Associated AKI 17
  - Conclusions 24
  - References 24
- Citrate Anticoagulation during Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy 29
  - Abstract 29
  - Citrate: Mechanism of the Anticoagulant Action 30
  - Introduction 30
  - RCA versus Heparin: Incidence of Bleeding 32
  - RCA and Circuit Life Span 33
  - Citrate: Anticoagulant and Buffer 34
  - Monitoring Citrate Anticoagulation during CRRT 36
  - Metabolic and Electrolyte Disarrangements Due to Citrate Anticoagulation 36
  - RCA in Patients with Liver Failure as a Safety Paradigm 37
  - References 38
  - Conclusion 38
- Coupled Plasma Filtration Adsorption Application for Liver and Thyroid Toxins 41
  - Abstract 41
  - Introduction 41
  - Case Reports 42
  - Discussion 47
  - Conclusions 50
  - References 51
- Extracorporeal Sorbent Technologies: Basic Concepts and Clinical Application 53
  - Introduction 53
  - Abstract 53
  - Basic Principles 54
  - Sorbent Materials and Structure 55
  - Requirements for a Sorbent 57
  - Mechanism of Solute Adsorption in Porous Media 57
  - Biocompatibility of Sorbents 59
  - Rationale for the Use of Adsorption in Clinical Settings 61
  - Most Common Modalities of Utilization of Sorbents 61
  - Sorbent-Based Adjunctive Therapies for Sepsis 62
  - Novel Applications of Sorbents 64
  - Conclusions 65
  - References 66
- Development of the New Kibou® Equipment for Continuous RenalReplacement Therapy from Scratchto the Final Configuration 68
  - Abstract 68
  - Introduction 69
  - Kibou® Design: Features and Characteristics 71
  - In vitro and In vivo Evaluation 73
  - Evaluation Results 75
  - Conclusions 78
  - Acknowledgements 79
  - References 79
- Perspectives in Nephrology and Chronic Kidney Disease 81
  - Phosphate in Chronic Kidney Disease Progression 81
    - Introduction 81
    - Abstract 81
    - P Homeostasis in Humans: Nutritional Intake, Intestinal Absorption and Renal Excretion 83
    - Assessing Nutritional P Intake and P Balance: A Tough Goal in Research and Clinical Practice 85
    - P and Mortality: Mechanisms in Pills 89
    - Conclusions 90
    - References 90
  - Fibroblast Growth Factor 23: Mineral Metabolism and Beyond 93
    - Abstract 93
    - Physiology and Pathophysiology of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 94
    - FGF23 and Clinical Outcomes in CKD and ESRD 97
    - FGF23 in Kidney Transplantation 100
    - Future Perspectives 103
    - References 104
  - Restenosis in Hemodialytic Fistulas and Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Vascular Disease: Two Pathologies Driven by Metakaryot 106
    - Abstract 106
    - Introduction 107
    - Vascular Stem Cells Dysfunction and CKD-Associated Vascular Disease 108
    - Vascular Stem Cells Over-Proliferation and IH 109
    - Metakaryotic Stem Cells 111
    - New and Emerging Histopathology: High-Resolution Microscopy and Cell Culture Techniques 112
    - References 115
    - Conclusions 115
    - Acknowledgments 115
  - Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Possible Alternative Treatment for IgA Nephropathy 118
    - Abstract 118
    - Introduction 118
    - Discussion 120
    - Case Report 120
    - References 125
  - Genetics and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Progression 127
    - Abstract 127
    - References 131
  - Perspectives in Hemodialysis 134
    - Expanded Hemodialysis: A New Therapy for a New Class of Membranes 134
      - Abstract 134
      - Introduction 135
      - Why a New Class of Membranes? 136
      - What Are the Target Retention Molecules? 139
      - “Expanded Hemodialysis”: A Way to Optimize the Use of HRO Membranes 140
      - References 142
      - Conclusions 142
    - Mathematical Model of Potassium Profiling in Chronic Dialysis 144
      - Abstract 144
      - Introduction 145
      - Method 146
      - Results 149
      - Discussion 151
      - References 154
    - Home Hemodialysis: What Is Old Is New Again 156
      - Abstract 156
      - Brief History 156
      - Why It Faded? 157
      - Now It Is Back 158
      - What Has Changed? 158
      - Outcomes 160
      - Advantages 161
      - Disadvantages 162
      - Barriers 163
      - Acknowledgement 164
      - Disclosure Statement 164
      - The Future 164
      - References 164
    - Perspectives in Transplantation 166
      - Treatment of Acute Antibody-Mediated Rejection 166
        
        Abstract 166
        
        Introduction 166
        
        Case Report 168
        
        Treatment of AMR 170
        
        Considerations and Conclusions 174
        
        References 175
      - Chronic Allograft Injury: An Overview of Pathogenesis and Treatment Strategies 178
        
        Introduction 178
        
        Abstract 178
        
        Non-Immunological Factors 179
        
        Immunological Causes 181
        
        Glomerular Disease Recurrence 182
        
        Infections (Viral/Bacterial) 183
        
        Diagnosis of CAI 184
        
        Prevention of CAI 185
        
        Therapeutic Options of CAI 186
        
        Conclusion 187
        
        References 188
      - Looking into the Graft without a Biopsy: Biomarkers of Acute Rejection in Renal Transplantation 191
        
        Abstract 191
        
        Introduction 192
        
        Biomarker Fundamentals 192
        
        Quantifying Alloreactive Antibodies 193
        
        Quantifying Memory B Cells 194
        
        Measuring Alloreactive Memory T Cells 197
        
        Urine Biomarkers 198
        
        Molecular Biomarkers 199
        
        Cell Free-DNA 200
        
        Future Directions and Conclusions 200
        
        References 201
      - Author Index 204
      - Subject Index 206
      - Cover 211

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