One Health

Opis

One Health: Challenges for the 21st Century is a transdisciplinary approach to health, considering the interdependency of human, animal, and environmental health. This approach to health promotion and disease prevention calls for integrative and interdisciplinary cooperation. From zoonotic diseases to environmental degradation, this book introduces core concepts of the One Health approach by presenting focal key challenges. The objective of this book is not centered solely on epidemiologic interactions of infectious diseases but also on the environmental and ecological implications of current major threats.

Written by international experts, the ten chapters provide a comprehensive approach consisting of core concepts, practical examples, and applications that align with key challenges to public health. Therefore, this book is a valuable resource for public health professionals, veterinarians, physicians, environmental researchers, policymakers, and other professionals who seek to understand the overarching complexities of health.

Examines the interconnection between humans, animals and the environment and how those relationships impact prevention, early detection, containment, and response to public health risks
Offers concise and comprehensive coverage of the One Health concept, application to key public health challenges, and current and future developments
Presents insights from an interdisciplinary group of international experts, containing examples to illustrate One Health framework and issues

Spis treści

Front Cover 2
One Health 3
One Health: Integrated Approach to 21st Century Challenges to Health 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Contributors 13
Biographies 15
Preface 17
1 - An introduction to the concept of One Health 19
- 1. Introduction 19
- 2. The history of One Health 20
- 3. The benefits of a One Health approach 23
- 4. Obstacles in the implementation of the One Health approach 24
- 5. Practical principles in the application of One Health 25

Front Cover 2
One Health 3
One Health: Integrated Approach to 21st Century Challenges to Health 5
Copyright 6
Contents 7
Contributors 13
Biographies 15
Preface 17
1 - An introduction to the concept of One Health 19
- 1. Introduction 19
- 2. The history of One Health 20
- 3. The benefits of a One Health approach 23
- 4. Obstacles in the implementation of the One Health approach 24
- 5. Practical principles in the application of One Health 25
- 6. Global challenges which can benefit from One Health approach 28
  - 6.1 Outbreaks of emerging infectious diseases 28
  - 6.2 Risks and benefits of companion animals 29
  - 6.3 Water and food security and safety 30
  - 6.4 Socioeconomic and cultural environments 31
  - 6.5 Antimicrobial resistance 32
  - 6.7 Climate change 34
  - 6.6 Environmental contamination 34
  - 6.8 Biodiversity, habitat loss, and encroachment into wildlife 35
- 7. Real world use of the One Health approach 36
  - 7.1 Rabies in Tanzania 36
  - 7.2 Ciguatera fish poisoning in Cuba 37
  - 7.3 Mercury from fish consumption in the Amazon 39
  - 7.4 Anthrax in Western Uganda 40
  - 7.5 Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Portugal 41
- References 41
2 - Public health, surveillance systems and preventive medicine in an interconnected world 51
- 1. Public Health, One Health, surveillance: definitions 51
- 2. Surveillance systems: between health, veterinary and environmental frameworks 54
  - 2.1 Concepts and definitions in One Health surveillance 55
    - 2.1.1 Active and passive surveillance 55
    - 2.1.2 Compulsory and voluntary surveillance 56
    - 2.1.4 Syndromic surveillance 57
    - 2.1.5 Participatory surveillance 57
    - 2.1.3 Comprehensive and sentinel surveillance 57
    - 2.1.7 Pathogen surveillance 58
    - 2.1.8 Epidemic Intelligence 58
    - 2.1.6 Risk-based surveillance 58
  - 2.2 Between human health, veterinary health and environmental frameworks 59
    - 2.2.1 Dimensions and degrees of collaboration in One Health surveillance systems 59
    - 2.2.2 Environmental framework 60
  - 2.3 Specific surveillance issues 61
    - 2.3.1 Zoonotic diseases surveillance and outbreak investigations 61
    - 2.3.3 Surveillance of emerging pathogens 63
    - 2.3.2 Foodborne disease outbreak investigations 63
    - 2.3.4 Antimicrobial resistance 64
    - 2.3.5 Environmental hazards 66
  - 2.4 Barriers to surveillance 66
    - 2.4.2 Lack of conceptual framework 67
    - 2.4.1 Communication and coordination 67
    - 2.4.5 Risk perception 68
    - 2.4.3 Integration and sharing of data and biological samples 68
    - 2.4.4 Capacity building 68
    - 2.4.6 Associated costs 69
  - 3. Preparing for the future 69
    - 3.1 Reorganizing internally and externally 69
    - 3.2 Speed is a must 72
    - 3.3 Beyond health 74
    - 3.4 One Health prediction 75
  - References 77
  - 4. Conclusion 77
- 3 - Epidemiology of disease through the interactions between humans, domestic animals, and wildlife 91
  - 1. Introduction 91
  - 2. Expansion of the interaction at the human-animal interface over the centuries 92
  - 3. Drivers for disease emergence at the animal–human interface 98
    - 3.1 Ecosystem disruption 98
    - 3.2 Wildlife hunting, farming, and trading 100
    - 3.3 Globalization 103
    - 3.4 Climate change 105
    - 3.5 Antimicrobial resistance 106
  - 4. Mechanisms of disease emergence at the animal–human interface 109
  - 5. Intersectoral cooperation 115
  - 6. Applying the One Health concept to COVID-19 118
  - 7. Conclusion 120
  - References 123
- 4 - Risks and benefits of the interaction with companion animals 131
  - 1. Domestic animals, companion animals and wild animals 131
  - 2. The contemporary role of companion animals 133
  - 4. Benefits for the human health 134
    - 4.1 Psychological effects 135
      - 4.1.1 The importance of companion animals mourning 139
    - 4.2 Physical activity and health outcomes 140
    - 4.3 Animal assisted interventions 142
  - 3. Human–animal bond–Zooeyia 134
  - 5. Comparative medicine 143
    - 5.1 Animals as sentinels of environmental contamination 144
    - 5.2 Scent detection 147
  - 6. Risks for human health 147
    - 6.1 Zoonotic diseases 147
    - 6.2 Antimicrobial resistance 148
    - 6.3 Risk surveillance 154
  - 7. Bias of the human-companion animal bond 155
    - 7.1 Anthropomorphism and companion animals 155
    - 7.2 Abandon and stray animals 155
  - 8. The importance of the veterinary medicine and its professionals in the one health space 156
  - 9. Conclusions 157
  - References 158
- 5 - Food and water security and safety for an ever-expanding human population 173
  - 1. Introduction 173
  - 3. Food security 175
  - 2. Food security, food safety and one health 175
  - 4. Food safety 177
    - 4.1 Fundamentals, scope, and principles 178
      - 4.1.1 The agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary measures (SPS)3 178
      - 4.1.2 The scope of food safety 179
    - 4.2 The burden and epidemiology of food safety 180
    - 4.3 Organization of food safety 182
      - 4.3.1 Policies and legislation 182
      - 4.3.2 Risk assessment, food safety objectives and policy options 183
        
        4.3.2.1 Food safety objectives (FSO) and microbiological criteria 184
      - 4.3.3 Systems and stakeholder responsibilities 184
      - 4.3.4 Control by official authorities 185
        
        4.3.4.1 Control by official authorities – the case of EU Official Control (OC) system 186
      - 4.4 The animal health and welfare as contribution to food safety and to food security 186
    - 5. Water safety and security 187
      - 5.1 Water safety 188
      - 5.2 The importance of water 190
      - 5.3 Improving water management 191
    - 6. One health 194
      - 6.1 Brief introduction 194
      - 6.2 Characteristics of one health approaches 195
      - 6.3 Contribution of one health to food security and safety 196
        
        6.3.1 The INFOSAN (International Food Safety Authorities Network) 197
        
        6.3.2 Antimicrobial resistance emergence 197
        
        6.3.3 Corona virus – COVID-19 198
        
        6.3.4 In summary 198
      - 6.4 Water as an essential one health issue 199
    - 7. The food system: challenges and trends in the anthropocene epoch 199
      - 7.1 Introductory concepts 199
        
        7.1.1 The anthropocene and the Earth System 200
        
        7.1.2 Complexity and complex adaptative systems 201
      - 7.2 Global food system supply (GFS) 202
      - 7.3 In summary 204
    - 8. Outcomes, trends and challenges of food systems in a globalized world 204
      - 8.1 Outcomes of food systems, at present 204
      - 8.2 Trends and challenges 205
        
        8.2.1 Population related trends: growth and demographics, urbanization, food consumption and nutrition 205
        
        8.2.2 Trends in economy, food waste, food prices and relation between poverty and food insecurity 206
        
        8.2.3 Political trends, conflicts, and crisis 208
        
        8.2.4 Climate, biodiversity, water and land use, diseases, and pests 208
        
        8.2.5 Trends in innovation and research 209
        
        8.2.5.1 Towards food supply chains sustainability and resilience 210
        
        8.3 Challenges 210
      - 9. The way ahead – policies and transformation 211
        
        9.1 Introduction 211
        
        9.1.1 Problems in decision making within complex environment 211
        
        9.1.2 Evidence of policy impacts 212
        
        9.2 Policies for systemic response 212
        
        9.2.1 Food supply chain policies 212
        
        9.2.2 Food environment policies 213
        
        9.2.3 Food and nutrition policies 213
        
        9.2.4 Research and innovation 214
        
        9.2.5 Food security policies 214
        
        9.3 One vision: from moving towards food systems transformation 215
        
        9.3.1 The pathway for food system transformation 215
        
        9.3.2 Farm to fork strategy: the European Union response for change 216
        
        References 216
      - 6 - The influence of social and economic environment on health 223
        
        1. Introduction 223
        
        2. How social, economic and environmental conditions constraint health outcomes 224
        
        2.1 Nature in urban spaces – an (in)equal issue 225
        
        2.2 The social-economic and environmental contexts influence in the process of disease transmission 228
        
        2.2.1 Humans–animal interaction 228
        
        2.2.2 Antimicrobial resistance and socioeconomic factors 230
        
        2.2.3 Energy poverty and air quality: a contemporary social inequality 231
        
        2.2.4 Linking food safety with socioeconomic determinants 232
        
        3. Final remarks 235
        
        Acknowledgments 237
        
        References 237
        
        7 - Environmental contaminants and antibiotic resistance as a One Health threat 249
        
        1. Introduction 249
        
        2. Environmental contaminants 251
        
        3. Antibiotic contamination and antimicrobial resistance: a threat to One Health 257
        
        3.1 Antimicrobial resistance in aquaculture 258
        
        3.2 Transmission of antimicrobial resistance in the environment 259
        
        4. Conclusion 263
        
        References 264
        
        8 - Climate change and its impacts on health, environment and economy 271
        
        1. Introduction 271
        
        2. Climate change and environmental conditions 272
        
        2.1 Environmental hazards 273
        
        2.2 Atmospheric pollutants 274
        
        3. Climate change and human health 275
        
        4. Climate change and vector-borne diseases 278
        
        5. Climate change, forests and wildfires 280
        
        6. Climate change and food security 283
        
        7. One Health and climate change 286
        
        8. Conclusions 287
        
        Funding 288
        
        References 289
        
        9 - Degradation of ecosystems and loss of ecosystem services 299
        
        1. Introduction 299
        
        2. Habitat loss 302
        
        3. Climate changes – with global warming 309
        
        4. Overexploitation 315
        
        4.1 Global trade of wildlife 315
        
        4.2 Trade and overexploitation of aquatic wildlife 319
        
        5. Pollution 320
        
        6. Invasive species 325
        
        7. Conclusion 331
        
        References 332
        
        10 - Challenges and future perspectives for the application of One Health 347
        
        1. Introduction 347
        
        2. Benefits of One Health 348
        
        3. Challenges to the success of One Health approach 352
        
        4. Practical solutions to challenges of One Health 354
        
        5. Conclusion 357
        
        References 359
        
        Index 363
        
        A 363
        
        B 363
        
        C 363
        
        D 364
        
        E 364
        
        G 365
        
        H 365
        
        F 365
        
        I 366
        
        O 366
        
        M 366
        
        N 366
        
        S 367
        
        P 367
        
        R 367
        
        U 368
        
        X 368
        
        V 368
        
        Z 368
        
        T 368
        
        W 368
        
        Back Cover 369

Pokaż więcej

Integrated Approach to 21st Century Challenges to Health

Opis

Spis treści

Recenzje (0)