Opis
The Tax Law of Unrelated Business for Nonprofit Organizations is a comprehensive guide to the tax law of unrelated businesses for tax-exempt organizations, written by the leading expert in the field.
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The Tax Law of Unrelated Business for Nonprofit Organizations.
Autorzy: Bruce R. Hopkins Wydawnictwo: Wiley Data wydania: 2006 Język publikacji: Angielski Liczba stron: 401 Formaty publikacji: EAN: 9780471774624 ISBN: 9780471774624 Kategoria: Indeks wydawcy: - Nota bibliograficzna: -
Spis treści
-
The Tax Law of Unrelated Business for Nonprofit Organizations
6
- About the Author 8
- Contents 10
- Preface 18
-
Chapter 1: Tax Exemption and Unrelated Business: Introduction
20
- TAX EXEMPTION: A PERSPECTIVE 20
- SOURCE OF TAX EXEMPTION 21
- TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS 23
- PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES OF EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS LAW 25
- CATEGORIES OF TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS 27
- RATIONALE FOR UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 29
- ORGANIZATIONS SUBJECT TO UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 33
- CONCISE HISTORY OF THE UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 34
- TAX EXEMPTION AND COMPETITION 34
- PRIVATE INUREMENT AND PRIVATE BENEFIT 36
-
The Tax Law of Unrelated Business for Nonprofit Organizations
6
- About the Author 8
- Contents 10
- Preface 18
-
Chapter 1: Tax Exemption and Unrelated Business: Introduction
20
- TAX EXEMPTION: A PERSPECTIVE 20
- SOURCE OF TAX EXEMPTION 21
- TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS 23
- PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES OF EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS LAW 25
- CATEGORIES OF TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS 27
- RATIONALE FOR UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 29
- ORGANIZATIONS SUBJECT TO UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 33
- CONCISE HISTORY OF THE UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 34
- TAX EXEMPTION AND COMPETITION 34
- PRIVATE INUREMENT AND PRIVATE BENEFIT 36
- DETERMINING ALLOWABLE UNRELATED BUSINESS 37
-
Chapter 2: Unrelated Business: The Basics
40
- DEFINITION OF TRADE OR BUSINESS 41
- THE ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK 41
- FRAGMENTATION RULE 52
- PROFIT MOTIVE REQUIREMENT 54
- DEFINITION OF REGULARLY CARRIED ON 56
- DEFINITION OF RELATED BUSINESS 60
- DEFINITION OF SUBSTANTIALLY RELATED BUSINESS 61
-
Chapter 3: Modifications
70
- PASSIVE INCOME IN GENERAL 71
- DIVIDENDS 73
- INTEREST 74
- SECURITIES LENDING INCOME 74
- CERTAIN CONSIDERATION 79
- ROYALTIES 80
- ANNUITIES 80
- RENT 84
- OTHER INVESTMENT INCOME 91
- CAPITAL GAINS 92
- GAIN FROM LAPSES OR TERMINATIONS OF OPTIONS 93
- RESEARCH INCOME 94
- LOAN COMMITMENT FEES 94
- FOREIGN SOURCE INCOME 96
- ELECTRIC COMPANIES’ MEMBER INCOME 96
- BROWNFIELD SITES GAIN 97
- RELIGIOUS ORDER RULE 97
- CHARITABLE DEDUCTION 98
- SPECIFIC DEDUCTION 99
- NET OPERATING LOSSES 99
-
Chapter 4: Exceptions
102
- CONVENIENCE BUSINESSES 102
- BUSINESSES CONDUCTED BY VOLUNTEERS 104
- SALES OF GIFT ITEMS 107
- ENTERTAINMENT ACTIVITIES 107
- TRADE SHOWS 109
- HOSPITAL SERVICES 113
- GAMBLING ACTIVITIES 114
- ASSOCIATE MEMBER DUES 116
- LOW-COST ARTICLES 118
- MAILING LISTS 119
- BUSINESSES OF EMPLOYEES’ ASSOCIATIONS 119
- POLE RENTAL ACTIVITIES 120
- S CORPORATION HOLDINGS AND SALES 120
-
Chapter 5: Unrelated Debt-Financed Income Rules
122
- HISTORY AND OVERVIEW OF RULES 122
- UNRELATED DEBT-FINANCED INCOME 123
- DEBT-FINANCED PROPERTY 124
- ACQUISITION INDEBTEDNESS 130
- COMPUTATION OF UNRELATED DEBT-FINANCED INCOME 143
-
Chapter 6: Special Rules
146
- RULES FOR SOCIAL CLUBS 146
- RULES FOR CERTAIN OTHER TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS 154
- PRIVATE FOUNDATION RULES 159
- PARTNERSHIP RULES 163
- ADVERTISING 164
- CORPORATE SPONSORSHIPS 173
-
Chapter 7: Commercial Activities
182
- COMMERCIALITY DOCTRINE: ORIGINS 183
- CONTEMPORARY PERSPECTIVE ON DOCTRINE 198
- COMMERCIAL-TYPE INSURANCE RULES 200
- CREDIT COUNSELING ORGANIZATIONS 203
- SOCIAL ENTERPRISE MOVEMENT 205
- COMMERCIALITY AND UNRELATED BUSINESS RULES 207
-
Chapter 8: Use of Separate Entities
210
- NECESSITY OF SEPARATE ENTITY 210
- CHOICE OF FORM 211
- ELEMENT OF CONTROL 213
- ATTRIBUTION CONSIDERATIONS 213
- CAPITALIZATION 216
- SHARING OF RESOURCES 218
- LIQUIDATIONS 218
- CONTROLLED ORGANIZATIONS 219
- PARTNERSHIPS AND JOINT VENTURE BASICS 222
- PARTNERSHIPS—DETAILS 224
- FLOW-THROUGH ENTITIES 224
- LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES—DETAILS 227
- WHOLE ENTITY JOINT VENTURES 232
- OTHER JOINT VENTURES 232
- ANCILLARY JOINT VENTURES 235
- LAW-IMPOSED JOINT VENTURES 239
- LOOK-THROUGH RULE—DETAILS 240
-
Chapter 9: Contemporary Applications of the Unrelated Business Rules
242
- EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS 243
- HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS 248
- MUSEUMS 254
- ASSOCIATIONS 259
- LABOR AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATIONS 265
- FUNDRAISING ACTIVITIES 266
- TRAVEL OPPORTUNITIES 274
- PROVISION OF SERVICES 278
- SHARECROP LEASING 281
- RETIREMENT PLAN REVERSIONS 285
- OTHER INSTANCES OF RELATED BUSINESS 286
- EXEMPT FUNCTIONS AS UNRELATED BUSINESS 286
- OTHER INSTANCES OF UNRELATED BUSINESS 291
- AGENCY RULE 293
-
Chapter 10: Unrelated Business and the Internet
294
- STATE OF THE “LAW” 294
- TWO OVERARCHING ISSUES 297
- WEB-BASED BUSINESS: TAX LAW PERSPECTIVE 302
- WEB SITE ADVERTISING 305
- WEB SITE CORPORATE SPONSORSHIPS 306
- TRADE SHOWS 307
- MERCHANDISING 308
- AUCTIONS 308
- MERCHANT AFFILIATE PROGRAMS 309
- CHARITY MALLS 309
- ASSOCIATIONS 310
- WEB SITE MATERIAL AS PERIODICAL 310
- ROYALTY ARRANGEMENTS 313
- QUESTIONS POSED BY IRS ANNOUNCEMENT 314
- SUMMARY 319
-
Chapter 11: Reporting Requirements
320
- TAX STRUCTURE 321
- DEDUCTION RULES 322
- ANNUAL INFORMATION RETURN 324
- UNRELATED BUSINESS INCOME TAX RETURN 327
- OTHER RULES CONCERNING PREPARATION AND FILING OF RETURN 345
-
APPENDIX A: Sources of Law
350
- FEDERAL LAW 350
- STATE LAW 355
- PUBLICATIONS 355
- APPENDIX B: Internal Revenue Code Section 358
- APPENDIX C: Glossary 362
- APPENDIX D 364
- APPENDIX E 370
- APPENDIX F 374
- Index 398
Recenzje (0)
Afiljacja autora
Bruce R. Hopkins: Member, District of Columbia Bar