Textile Fiber Microscopy

Description

A groundbreaking text to the study of textile fibers that bridges the knowledge gap between fiber shape and end uses

Textile Fiber Microscopy offers an important and comprehensive guide to the study of textile fibers and contains a unique text that prioritizes a review of fibers’ microstructure, macrostructure and chemical composition. The author – a noted expert in the field – details many fiber types and includes all the possible fiber shapes with a number of illustrative micrographs. The author explores a wealth of topics such as fiber end uses, fiber source and production, a history of each fiber and the sustainability of the various fibers.

The text includes a review of environmentally friendly fibers and contains information on the most current fiber science by putting the focus on fibers that have been mechanically or chemically recycled, for use in textile production. The author also offers an exploration of issues of textile waste and the lack of textile recycling that can help public policymakers with ways to inform and regulate post-industrial and post-consumer textile waste issues. This vital guide:

Contains an accompanied micrograph for many fibers presented
Includes information on how fiber microstructure is connected to fabric properties and how it affects the end use of fabrics
Offers a review of the sophistication of textile fibers from a scientific point of view
Presents a comparative textile fiber review that is appropriate for both for students, textile experts and forensic scientists

Written for students and professionals of apparel design and merchandising, and forensic scientists, Textile Fiber Microscopy presents an important review of textile fibers from a unique perspective that explores fibers’ microstructure, macrostructure and chemical composition.

Cover 2
Title Page 6
Copyright 7
Contents 8
Preface 12
Acknowledgments 14
Introduction 16
- 1 Types of Microscopes Used in Science 18
  - 1.1 Stereomicroscope 18
  - 1.3 Polarizing Light Microscope 19
  - 1.2 Compound Microscope 19
  - 1.4 Electron Microscope 20
- 3 Resolution 20
- 2 Magnification 20
- 4 Use of the Microscope 21

Cover 2
Title Page 6
Copyright 7
Contents 8
Preface 12
Acknowledgments 14
Introduction 16
- 1 Types of Microscopes Used in Science 18
  - 1.1 Stereomicroscope 18
  - 1.3 Polarizing Light Microscope 19
  - 1.2 Compound Microscope 19
  - 1.4 Electron Microscope 20
- 3 Resolution 20
- 2 Magnification 20
- 4 Use of the Microscope 21
  - 4.1 Microtome 22
  - 4.2 Measuring Fibers Using the Metric System 23
  - 4.3 Sampling 23
  - 4.4 Mounting 24
- 5 Fibers 24
  - 5.2 Animal Fibers 26
  - 5.3 Regenerated Manufactured Fibers 26
  - 5.1 Plant Fibers 26
  - 5.4 Synthetic Fibers 27
  - 5.5 Fiber Morphology 28
  - 5.7 Fiber Measurement 29
  - 5.6 Fiber Shape 29
- References 30
Chapter 1 Natural Cellulosic Fibers 32
- 1.1 Seed Fibers 32
  - 1.1.1 Cotton 32
  - 1.1.2 Organic Cotton 35
  - 1.1.3 Kapok Fibers 37
  - 1.1.4 Poplar Fibers 39
  - 1.1.5 Willow Fibers 40
  - 1.1.6 Coir Fibers 42
- 1.2 Bast Fibers 43
  - 1.2.1 Linen 43
  - 1.2.2 Ramie 47
  - 1.2.3 Hemp 48
  - 1.2.4 Bamboo 52
  - 1.2.6 Fiber Size 53
  - 1.2.7 Nettle 53
  - 1.2.5 Jute 53
  - 1.2.8 Bast Fiber in Its Historical Context 57
- 1.3 Leaf Fibers 57
  - 1.3.2 Henequen 58
  - 1.3.3 Abaca 58
  - 1.3.1 Sisal 58
  - 1.3.4 Pineapple Leaves 59
- References 59
Chapter 2 Animal Fibers 62
- 2.1 Wool 62
  - 2.1.1 Cuticle 63
  - 2.1.2 Scale Pattern Type (Animal Hair) 64
    - 2.1.2.1 Mosaic 65
    - 2.1.2.2 Wave 65
    - 2.1.2.3 Chevron 65
    - 2.1.2.4 Petal 67
  - 2.1.5 Medulla 67
    - 2.1.5.2 Simple Unbroken 68
    - 2.1.5.1 Lattice 68
    - 2.1.5.5 Ladder Type of Medulla 69
    - 2.1.5.3 Interrupted 69
    - 2.1.5.4 Fragmental 69
  - 2.1.3 Types of Scale Margins 67
  - 2.1.4 Cortex 67
  - 2.1.6 Fiber Size 70
  - 2.1.7 Fiber Morphology 70
    - 2.1.7.1 Fiber Absorbency 72
    - 2.1.7.2 Fiber Shrinkage 72
    - 2.1.7.3 Wool Varieties 73
  - 2.1.8 Merino Wool and Other Fine Wool Fibers 74
    - 2.1.8.2 Kemp Fibers 75
    - 2.1.8.1 Normal Fleece Wool 75
  - 2.2 Luxury Fibers 76
    - 2.2.1 Cashmere 77
    - 2.2.2 Yangir 80
    - 2.2.3 Mohair 80
    - 2.2.4 Vicuna 85
    - 2.2.5 Camelid Fibers 86
    - 2.2.6 Alpaca 88
    - 2.2.7 Llama 92
    - 2.2.8 Shahtoosh 93
    - 2.2.9 Yak 93
    - 2.2.10 Other Identification Techniques to Note 94
  - 2.3 Silk 97
    - 2.3.1 Peace or Ahimsa Silk 100
    - 2.3.2 Spider Silk 102
  - References 104
- Chapter 3 Fur Fibers 108
  - 3.1 Animal Fibers 108
    - 3.1.1 Scale Cast 109
    - 3.1.2 Cuticle Scales 110
    - 3.1.3 Rabbit, Hare, and Angora Rabbit Fibers 110
    - 3.1.4 Angora Hair 112
  - 3.2 Other Fur Fibers 115
    - 3.2.1 Mink and Ermine 117
    - 3.2.2 Kolinsky Mink 119
    - 3.2.3 Raccoon Dog 119
    - 3.2.4 Red Fox 120
  - 3.3 Faux Fur 120
  - 3.4 Dog and Cat Fur 125
    - 3.4.1 Karakul 127
    - 3.4.2 Optical Microscopy 128
    - 3.4.3 Measuring Hair Length 129
  - References 129
- Chapter 4 Regenerated Cellulosic and Protein Fibers 132
  - 4.1 Regenerated Cellulosic Fibers 132
    - 4.1.1 Viscose Rayon 132
    - 4.1.2 Bamboo Rayon 134
    - 4.1.3 High Wet Modulus (HWM) Rayon 135
    - 4.1.4 Cuprammonium Rayon 137
    - 4.1.5 Lyocell Fibers 138
    - 4.1.6 A Review of Cross‐sectional Shapes of Fibers 139
    - 4.1.7 Cross‐sectional Fiber Shape and Luster 140
    - 4.1.8 Acetate Fibers 142
  - 4.2 Regenerated Protein Fibers 144
    - 4.2.1 Soybean Fibers 145
    - 4.2.2 Milk Fibers 148
    - 4.2.3 Composite Cellulose Fibers 148
  - References 151
- Chapter 5 Synthetic Fibers 154
  - 5.1 Nylon 154
  - 5.2 Polyester 155
  - 5.3 Luster 157
  - 5.4 Delustering 157
  - 5.5 Longitudinal View 159
  - 5.6 Variety of Cross‐sectional Shapes 159
  - 5.7 Comparison Analysis 162
  - 5.8 Fibers in Carpeting 164
  - 5.9 Fabric Tenacity 165
  - 5.10 Performance Textiles 166
  - 5.11 Acrylic Fibers 167
  - 5.12 Fiber Cross‐sections 168
  - 5.13 Fiber Longitudinal View 169
  - 5.14 Spandex 172
  - 5.15 Olefin 174
  - 5.16 Fiber Melting Point 175
  - 5.17 Microfibers 177
    - 5.17.1 Applications of Microfibers 181
    - 5.17.2 Imitation Leather/Suede 188
  - References 190
- Chapter 6 Nanofibers 192
  - 6.1 Nanotechnology in Textiles 192
    - 6.1.2 Uses of Nanofibers 194
    - 6.1.1 Production of Nanofibers 194
    - 6.1.3 Nanowebs 195
    - 6.1.4 Nanocoatings 197
    - 6.1.5 Nanoparticles 198
    - 6.1.6 Electrically Conductive Fibers 199
    - 6.1.7 Porous Surface Fibers 200
    - 6.1.8 Microscopy 201
  - References 201
- Chapter 7 Recycled Fibers 204
  - 7.1 Fiber Recycling 204
  - 7.2 Recycled Polyester via Chemical Recycling 204
    - 7.2.1 Microscopic Appearance 205
  - 7.3 Recycled PET via Mechanical Recycling 205
    - 7.3.1 Microscopic Images 207
  - 7.4 Recycling Nylon 208
  - 7.5 Recycled Cotton 208
    - 7.5.1 Microscopic Appearance 210
  - 7.6 Recycled Wool 210
    - 7.6.1 Microscopic Appearance 211
  - 7.7 Other Recycling Methods – Using a Rayon Manufacturing Method to Recycle Fibers – A Dissolution‐Based Recycling Method 212
    - 7.7.2 Recycling Blends 213
    - 7.7.1 Microscopic Appearance 213
  - References 215
- Chapter 8 Historic Fibers 218
  - 8.1 Textile Fibers and History 218
    - 8.1.1 General Information – Ancient Textiles 219
    - 8.1.2 Greek Textiles 219
  - 8.2 The Use of Hemp in Central Europe 225
  - 8.3 Egyptian Textiles 225
    - 8.3.1 Middle Kingdom Linen Cloth 226
    - 8.3.2 Romano‐Egyptian Textiles 227
  - References 229
- Index 232
- EULA 244

Author's affiliation

Ivana Markova: San Francisco State University, USA

A Practical Approach

Description

TOC

Reviews (0)

Author's affiliation